Answer: Nation state
Explanation:
Nation state is the community of people in which citizen tends to share a homogeneous factor in common such as culture, language etc.People have their own state in independent form where they are conscious of it being the mainstream. 
Cultural boundaries, ethics, history of such nations tends to match with the political aspect of the state.Example of nation-state are Japan, Iceland , South Korea etc.   
 
        
             
        
        
        
Meroë 
the main industrial craft was iron smelting!
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Elected representatives govern in the interest of the people.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer: by the end of preschool
Explanation: By the end of preschool children should be able to anticipation their own future and needs. 
As children grows they began to build self esteem, trying to do things for themselves and on their own, stay focus towards a goal and begin to see themselves in the light of an more matured human. Low self esteem would not allow a child grow but rather keep such children in a place. A child who is loved and cared for tend to build himself and his esteem up faster rather than an abandoned child. 
Self concept allows a child to develop their ability and person as they grow which make them see ahead into future.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
C. need for achievement.
Explanation:
According  to Atkinson, Martin and Toshio differ in their <em>need for achievement</em>. Need for achievement differ in Martin and Toshio. According to Atkinson, there are two ways of approaching a difficult task. A tendency to achieve success, that is a hopeful view of a difficult task, and a tendency to avoid failure because of the fear of failure. Both tendencies are present in all individuals, but one is higher than the other one. In this case, Martin is looking forward to the experience, he is hoping for success. On the other hand, Toshio is clearly avoiding failure.