Answer:
The correct answer is A and D
Explanation:
According to Russell's conception that lies in natural proton gradients. He states that Four billion years ago, alkaline fluids bubbled to produce mildly acidic oceans (As CO2 levels were about a thousand times higher, and it reacts with H2O to form carbonic acid, rendering the oceans mildly acidic). Acidity is just a measure of proton concentration, higher in the oceans than in vent fluids. This difference has given rise to a natural proton gradient across the vent membranes that had the same polarity (outside positive) which is similar to the electrochemical potential as modern cells have. This might be the reason that last universal common ancestors of all the three domains have evolved proton pumps.
Answer:
Organism in a lichen that provides protection - algae
Organism in a lichen that provides nutrients through photosynthesis - algae
Branched growth form of lichen - fruticose
Leafy growth form of lichen - foliose
Small and flat growth form of lichen - crustose
Explanation:
<em>Lichens are composite organisms that are formed from symbiotic relationships between fungi and cyanobacteria/algae. The Green algae layer offers food to the fungi by photosynthesis while the latter supplies nutrients and offers protection to the algal component. </em>
There are different types of lichen based on the growth structure:
Fruticose lichens grow upright and shrubby and posses either round or flat branches.
Foliose lichen appears like a leaf with upper and lower layers. They are usually flat or convoluted in nature.
Crustose lichens are small in appearance with flat, crusty growth on surfaces on which they grow.
Answer: the graph supports: background extinctions, mass extinctions affected the evolution of mammals and dinosaurs
The graph does not support:both mammas and dinosaur revolved in the pattern of gradualism, dinosaurs evolved by adaptive radiation, and convolution affected the evolution of mammals and dinosaurs
Explanation:The graph only shows mass extinctions and background extinctions
Answer:
The correct answer would be -
Membrane A - Hypotonic solution - the movement of water towards inside the cell
Membrane B - Isotonic soltion - there will be no movement of water
Membrane C - Hyertonic solution - the movement of water towards outside of the cell
Explanation:
This experiment deals with tonicity as this solution will affect the tonicity of the egg membrane. In membrane A there are more solutes inside the cell than outside the cell so it is hypotonic solution so the movement of water will be towards inside the cell.
In membrane B the solutes are equal in both sides so there will be no movement as its isotonic condition while in membrane C the solution is in hypertonic situation as the solutes are more outside than inside.
Thus, the behavior of the membranes are-
Membrane A - Hypotonic solution - the movement of water towards inside the cell
Membrane B - Isotonic soltion - there will be no movement of water
Membrane C - Hyertonic solution - the movement of water towards outside of the cell
Answer:
The experimenter hypothesized that fertilizer would make the plants grow taller. The results show that, on average, plants with fertilizer grew 0.7 cm taller over the course of 12 days. This small amount of height increase could be attributed to the fertilizer or may be caused by natural differences in the plants.
Explanation:
