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Ivan
2 years ago
14

A particular NMOS device has parameters VT N = 0.6 V, L = 0.8µm, tox = 200 Å, and µn = 600 cm2 /V–s. A drain current of ID = 1.2

mA is required when the device is biased in the saturation region at VGS = 3 V. Determine the required channel width of the device.
Engineering
1 answer:
NeTakaya2 years ago
4 0

Answer:

W= 3.22 \mu m

Explanation:

the transistor In saturation drain current region is given by:

i_D}=K_a(V_{GS}-V_{IN})^2

Making K_a the subject of the formula; we have:

K_a=\frac {i_D} {(V_{GS} - V_{IN})^2}

where;

i_D = 1.2m

V_{GS}= 3.0V

V_{TN}  = 0.6 V

K_a=\frac {1.2m} {(3.0 - 0.6)^2}

K_a = 208.3 \mu A/V^2

Also;

k'_n}=\frac{\mu n (\frac{cm^2}{V-s} ) \epsilon _{ox}(\frac{F}{cm} ) }{t_{ox}(cm)}

where:

\mu n (\frac{cm^2}{V-s} ) = 600

\epsilon _{ox}=3.9*8.85*10^{-14}

{t_{ox}(cm)=200*10^{-8}

substituting our values; we have:

k'_n}=\frac{(600)(3.988.85*10^{-14})}{(200*10^{-8})}

k'_n}=103.545 \mu A/V^2

Finally, the width can be calculated by using the formula:

W= \frac{2LK_n}{k'n}

where;

L = 0.8 \mu m

W= \frac{2*0.8 \mu m *208.3 \mu}{103.545 \mu}

W= 3.22 \mu m

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A fatigue test was conducted in which the mean stress was 46.2 MPa and the stress amplitude was 219 MPa.
sleet_krkn [62]

Answer:

a)σ₁ = 265.2 MPa

b)σ₂ = -172.8 MPa

c)Stress\ ratio =-0.65

d)Range = 438 MPa

Explanation:

Given that

Mean stress ,σm= 46.2 MPa

Stress amplitude ,σa= 219 MPa

Lets take

Maximum stress level = σ₁

Minimum stress level =σ₂

The mean stress given as

\sigma_m=\dfrac{\sigma_1+\sigma_2}{2}

2\sigma_m={\sigma_1+\sigma_2}

2 x 46.2 =  σ₁ +  σ₂

 σ₁ +  σ₂ = 92.4 MPa    --------1

The amplitude stress given as

\sigma_a=\dfrac{\sigma_1-\sigma_2}{2}

2\sigma_a={\sigma_1-\sigma_2}

2 x 219 =  σ₁ -  σ₂

 σ₁ -  σ₂ = 438 MPa    --------2

By adding the above equation

2  σ₁ = 530.4

σ₁ = 265.2 MPa

-σ₂ = 438 -265.2 MPa

σ₂ = -172.8 MPa

Stress ratio

Stress\ ratio =\dfrac{\sigma_{min}}{\sigma_{max}}

Stress\ ratio =\dfrac{-172.8}{265.2}

Stress\ ratio =-0.65

Range = 265.2 MPa - ( -172.8 MPa)

Range = 438 MPa

8 0
2 years ago
Laminar flow normally persists on a smooth flat plate until a critical Reynolds number value is reached. However, the flow can b
grandymaker [24]

Answer:

At L = 0.1 m

h⁻_lam = 11.004K   W/m^1.5

h⁻_turb = 7.8848K   W/m^1.8

At L = 1 m

h⁻_lam = 3.48K   W/m^1.5

h⁻_turb = 4.975K   W/m^1.8

Explanation:

Given that;

h_lam(x)= 1.74 W/m^1.5. Kx^-0.5

h_turb(x)= 3.98 W/m^1.8 Kx^-0.2

conditions for plates of length L = 0.1 m and 1 m

Now

Average heat transfer coefficient is expressed as;

h⁻ = 1/L ₀∫^L hxdx

so for Laminar flow

h_lam(x)= 1.74 . Kx^-0.5  W/m^1.5

from the expression

h⁻_lam = 1/L ₀∫^L 1.74 . Kx^-0.5   dx

= 1.74k / L { [x^(-0.5+1)] / [-0.5 + 1 ]}₀^L

= 1.74k/L = [ (x^0.5)/0.5)]⁰^L

= 1.74K × L^0.5 / L × 0.5

h⁻_lam= 3.48KL^-0.5

For turbulent flow

h_turb(x)= 3.98. Kx^-0.2 W/m^1.8

form the expression

1/L ₀∫^L 3.98 . Kx^-0.2   dx

= 3.98k / L { [x^(-0.2+1)] / [-0.2 + 1 ]}₀^L

= (3.98K/L) × (L^0.8 / 0.8)

h⁻_turb = 4.975KL^-0.2

Now at L = 0.1 m

h⁻_lam = 3.48KL^-0.5  =  3.48K(0.1)^-0.5  W/m^1.5

h⁻_lam = 11.004K   W/m^1.5

h⁻_turb = 4.975KL^-0.2 = 4.975K(0.1)^-0.2

h⁻_turb = 7.8848K   W/m^1.8

At L = 1 m

h⁻_lam = 3.48KL^-0.5  =  3.48K(1)^-0.5  W/m^1.5

h⁻_lam = 3.48K   W/m^1.5

h⁻_turb = 4.975KL^-0.2 = 4.975K(1)^-0.2

h⁻_turb = 4.975K   W/m^1.8

Therefore

At L = 0.1 m

h⁻_lam = 11.004K   W/m^1.5

h⁻_turb = 7.8848K   W/m^1.8

At L = 1 m

h⁻_lam = 3.48K   W/m^1.5

h⁻_turb = 4.975K   W/m^1.8

3 0
2 years ago
Identify an object in your house that contains a physical system and list three questions you could use to define the system
jonny [76]

Answer:

ALL CAREFULLY ANSWERED CORRECTLY

Explanation:

1) A loaf of Bread PHYSICAL SYSTEM

✓ How can the environment affect the edibility of the bread

✓ What are the constituents that makes up the bread

✓ What process is involved in these constituents mixing to form the loaf.

2) The law of thermodynamics makes us to understand that when heat/energy passes through a system, the systems internal energy changes with respect to the conservation of energy law. That is energy lost = energy gained. Typically, ice would melt in a cup of hot tea because of the thermal energy in the molecules of the hot tea. When you heat a material, you are adding thermal kinetic energy to its molecules and usually raising its temperature. The temperature of the ice raises due to the kinetic energy added to it and it melts to water.

3) The theory of systems view the world as a complex system of interconnected parts. If we consider the society; (financial systems, political systems, etc) we will agree that they individually have their own components and it's the summation of this components that makes the system, this implies that system thinking could be applicable in this kinda of systems as long as they are made up of components.

4) Technology has boosted every sector of our lives and it has the capacity to do more. Restricting it's importance to entertainment alone would be an underusing of its potentials. Engineering students infact should not need any drive to be encouraged about maximizing all it can do in shaping our world.

5) ~ Nature shows its splendid soul

~Never ceases to leave us in amazement

~And we are in love

4 0
2 years ago
If water molecules pass through a membrane with a steady state flux of 220 mole/(m2 day), how long will it take, in hours, for 0
goblinko [34]

Answer:

<em>0.0386 hr</em>

<em></em>

Explanation:

Area = 565 cm^2 = 0.0565 m^2  (1 cm^2 = 0.0001 m^2)

flux state rate = 220 mole/m^2-day

<em>There are 24 hrs in a day,</em> therefore rate in hrs will be

220/24 = 9.17 mole/m^2-hr

mass of water = 0.4 kg

molar mass of water = (1 x 2) + 16 = 18 kg/mole

therefore,

<em>mole of water = mass of water/molar mass of water</em>

mole of water = 0.4/18 = 0.02 mole

<em>mole flux = mole/area</em> = 0.02/0.0565 = 0.354 mol/m^2

<em>time that will be taken will be for water to pass = mole flux/mole flux rate</em>

time = 0.354/9.17 = <em>0.0386 hr</em>

7 0
2 years ago
A 20 dBm power source is connected to the input of a directional coupler having a coupling factor of 20 dB, a directivity of 35
lukranit [14]

Answer:

P_O = 0.989 watt = 19.9 dBm

Explanation:

Given data:

P_1 power = 20 dBm  = 0.1 watt

coupling factor is 20dB

Directivity = 35 dB

We know that

coupling factor = 10 log \frac{P_1}{P_f}

solving for  final power

20 = 10 log\frac{P_1}{P_f}

2 = log \frac{P_1}{P_f}

100 = \frac{0.1}{P_f}

P_f = 0.001 watt = 0 dBm

Directivity D =  10 \frac{P_f}{P_b}

35 = 10 \frac{0.001}{P_b}

P_b = 3.162 \times 10^{-7} wattt

output Power  = P_1 -P_f - P_b

                       = 0.1 - 0.001 - 3.162 \times 10^{-7}

P_O = 0.989 watt = 19.9 dBm

6 0
2 years ago
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