Ligand A and ligand B can cause same cellular responses in a cell when they are attached to different receptors.
Explanation:
If two same ligands are attached to two different receptors, two different responses will occurs. Such type of response is present in acetylcholine, while when two different ligands attached to two different receptors, same response will occur. This type of response is present in glucagon and epinephrine etc. ligands are responsible for controlling the transcription process when it binds or attached to the DNA molecule of the cell.
The researchers add a compound to the cell growth medium that both binds and releases protons (H+) and also pass through lipid membranes. The effect that the added compound will have on the ATP production by the cells is that ATP synthase will stop.
The new organism should be placed with the bird group based upon the homology obtained by the genomic data. This would imply a shared common ancestor. The trait shared with bats but not birds could be an analogous trait.
