Answer:
a)
Based on the data for the group of cells, among the four proteins, protein p16 does not appear to play a role in blocking cell cycle entry by fibroblasts. The evidence for this is in group 7, where, in the absence of the other proteins the p16 presence has helped the replication of DNA almost as good as the growth in the 10% serum.
In the other groups (3 to 6) the presence of any other protein has always inhibited the DNA replication compared to the fibroblast in 10% serum.
b)
Groups 4 to 7 have higher chance of including cells undergoing mitosis as they are showing more DNA replication compared to the group 1 which has 0% serum. In this group since it has been cultured for 48 hours in the absence of serum (serum-starvation), they stop dividing and enter the G0 stage of the cell cycle.
c)
The data here would provide the crucial information on which protein is required to induce the cells to enter the cell cycle. To recover from an injury the cells should divide and repair the wound, this will happen through stimulating the cell with the required protein. It would also shed light on which protein would inhibit the cells from entry into the cell cycle.
Note: Figure is added in the attachment section
Answer:
During presentation of APC-bound antigen, macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine, interleukin-1, that activates T helper cells
Explanation:
Macrophages interact with T cells in order to generate T cell activation in target organs, and are themselves activated by inflammatory messenger molecules (cytokines) produced by the T cells.
Macrophages produce toxic chemicals, such as nitric oxide, that can kill surrounding cells.
During presentation of APC-bound antigen, macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine, interleukin-1, that activates T helper cells
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-A
Explanation:
Desert biomes are characterised by the presence of the arid conditions or with few or less amount of rainfall.
The plant groups called the bryophytes and pteridophytes are dependent on the water for their fertilization which allows completing their life cycle.
In the desert conditions provided in the question, the mosses and ferns survived for many generations as these plant groups produced sperms with flagella which helped the sperms to swim in the water provided by the 10-inch rainfall per year and reach the female gamete and fertilize the egg cell.
Thus, option-A is the correct answer.
The safe steps in cooking, food handling, and storage are important to prohibit foodborne ailments. One cannot taste, smell, or see the harmful bacteria, which may result in illness.
In every step of food preparation, there is a need to follow the four steps of the Food Safe Families campaign to maintain the safety of food. These are clean, separate, chill, and cook.
In the given case, there is a need to cool the soup correctly in a cooler or fridge, and then reheating it on the stove at about 165 degrees F within two hours.
MtDNA is a genome inside the mitochondria outside the cell's nucleus
valuable tool used to get the source of dna from small or damaged biological samples <span />
