The structure of a typical antibody molecule
Antibodies are the secreted form of the B-cell receptor. An antibody is identical to the B-cell receptor of the cell that secretes it except for a small portion of the C-terminus of the heavy-chain constant region. In the case of the B-cell receptor the C-terminus is a hydrophobic membrane-anchoring sequence, and in the case of antibody it is a hydrophilic sequence that allows secretion. Since they are soluble, and secreted in large quantities, antibodies are easily obtainable and easily studied. For this reason, most of what we know about the B-cell receptor comes from the study of antibodies.
Antibody molecules are roughly Y-shaped molecules consisting of three equal-sized portions, loosely connected by a flexible tether. Three schematic representations of antibody structure, which has been determined by X-ray crystallography, are shown in Fig. 3.1. The aim of this part of the chapter is to explain how this structure is formed and how it allows antibody molecules to carry out their dual tasks—binding on the one hand to a wide variety of antigens, and on the other hand to a limited number of effector molecules and cells. As we will see, each of these tasks is carried out by separable parts of the molecule. The two arms of the Y end in regions that vary between different antibody molecules, the V regions. These are involved in antigen binding, whereas the stem of the Y, or the C region, is far less variable and is the part that interacts with effector cells and molecules.
Answer:
The enzyme that is responsible for this is the cyclin dependent kinase subunit of mpf
Explanation:
This enzyme is also known as cyclin dependent kinase subunit, CDKs. they are protein kinases and can function as cell cycle regulators. They have the power to modify different protein substrates that are useful for the progression of cell cycle. CDKs are inhibitors hence stathmin is inactivated by phosphorylation. They help to control cell divisions. DNA should not be damaged for cell to move from G₁ to the S phase.
Answer: primarily producing proteins in the cytosol
Explanation:
Answer:
b) Travel quickly, allowing rapid transmission of signals:
Explanation
nervous system is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells known as neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body very rapidly.
Answer:
Punnett square is a square diagram which is used to predict the genotype of the offspring produced by particular cross.
Let P and p be the alleles of the gene responsible for the flower colors in a plant.
The genotype of both the parents is given as heterozygous that is, Pp.
Two types of gametes would be formed P and p.
The cross is shown in the image below.
The cross would be result in offspring with three types of genotypes PP, Pp and pp in 1:2:1.
