Question

Exercise 7-9 Variable and Absorption Costing Unit Product Costs and Income Statements [LO7-1, LO7-2, LO7-3]

Answer 1

Answer:

1 a. Year 1 unit product cost = 45

     Year 2 unit product cost = 45

Notes: Unit product cost = Direct materials + direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead = 25 + 15 + 5 = 45 units

1 b.                        Income statement

                                                     Year 1           Year 2

Sales                                         2,400,000    3,000,000

(40000*60); (50000*60)

Less:

Variable cost of goods sold     1,800,000     2,250,000    

Variable selling and adm.          80,000         100,000

Contribution margin                520,000        650,000

Less:

Fixed manufacturing overhead  250,000      250,000    

Fixed selling & adm expense      80,000         80,000

Net income                                  $190,000     $320,000

2 a.  Notes

                                                             Year 1   Year 2

Direct materials                                      25     25  

Direct labor                                              15     15  

Variable manufacturing overhead         5         5  

Fixed manufacturing overhead             5      6.25

(250,000/50,000); (250,000/40000)

Unit product cost                                    50    51.25

b.                                 Income statement

                                              Year 1         Year 2

Sales                                   2400000    3000000

Less: cost of goods sold   2000000    2550000

Gross margin                      400,000     450,000

Less: Selling and                160,000 180,000

administrative expense  

Net income                         240,000     270,000

Workings

Cost of goods sold for year 2 = (10,000* 50) + (40000 * 51.25)

= 500,000 + 2,050,000

= 25,500,000

3. Reconciliation                                Year 1          Year 2

Variable costing net operating        190,000      320,000

income (loss)    

Add: Deferred fixed overhead          50,000

in ending inventory (10000*5)  

Less: Fixed overhead realized                             -50,000

in beginning inventory(10000*5)

Absorption costing net operating   $240,000    270,000

income (loss)