Both, nationalism and Islamism, were ways that were used by the authorities of the newly formed countries for unification and strengthening the position of the nation, and the politicians as well.
Nationalism was based on ethnic level, and it was a way of creating despise, revolt, anger, towards the other nations. It was used as a unification method and for creating a nationalist core, and in this way the authorities were able to create a large mass of people that were willing to fight for their own nation, and had a deep hatred towards the other nations.
Islamism was based on religious level, and it was promoting unification on religious basis, but was also creating lots of hatred and aggression towards other religions. In this way, the authorities were trying to create a strong religious core in the country, but also brotherly alliances with the countries that practice the same religion.
Both, nationalism and Islamism were terrible towards the minorities, and the nationalist were killing and committing genocides on ethnic level, while the Islamist were doing the same but on religious level.
The House of Wisdom (Arabic: بيت الحكمة, romanized: Bayt al-Ḥikmah), also known as the Grand Library of Baghdad, refers to either a major Abbasid public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad or to a large private library belonging to the Abbasid Caliphs during the Islamic Golden Age.[1][2] The House of Wisdom is the subject of an active dispute over its functions and existence as a formal academy, an issue complicated by a lack of physical evidence following the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate and a reliance on corroboration of literary sources to construct a narrative. The House of Wisdom was founded either as a library for the collections of the Caliph Harun al-Rashid in the late 8th century (then later turn
Ralph Waldo Emerson
The quote "Whoso is a man must be a nonconformist" is from Emerson's "Self-Reliance".
Emerson's essay "Self-Reliance" was published in 1842 and argued the benefits of self-reliance as a trait. He argued people should develop self-reliance and compared it to forms of conformity.
