The structure of a typical antibody molecule
Antibodies are the secreted form of the B-cell receptor. An antibody is identical to the B-cell receptor of the cell that secretes it except for a small portion of the C-terminus of the heavy-chain constant region. In the case of the B-cell receptor the C-terminus is a hydrophobic membrane-anchoring sequence, and in the case of antibody it is a hydrophilic sequence that allows secretion. Since they are soluble, and secreted in large quantities, antibodies are easily obtainable and easily studied. For this reason, most of what we know about the B-cell receptor comes from the study of antibodies.
Antibody molecules are roughly Y-shaped molecules consisting of three equal-sized portions, loosely connected by a flexible tether. Three schematic representations of antibody structure, which has been determined by X-ray crystallography, are shown in Fig. 3.1. The aim of this part of the chapter is to explain how this structure is formed and how it allows antibody molecules to carry out their dual tasks—binding on the one hand to a wide variety of antigens, and on the other hand to a limited number of effector molecules and cells. As we will see, each of these tasks is carried out by separable parts of the molecule. The two arms of the Y end in regions that vary between different antibody molecules, the V regions. These are involved in antigen binding, whereas the stem of the Y, or the C region, is far less variable and is the part that interacts with effector cells and molecules.
The conversation between madame valmonde and desiree gives an example of Foreshadowing; situational irony;
Considering this Quote;
Madame Valmonde "shuddered at the first sight of it.....It was a sad lokking place.......The roof came down steep and black like a cowl, reaching out beyond the wide galleries that encircled the yellow stuccoed house. Big, solemn oaks grew close to it, and their thick-leaved, far-reaching branches shadowed it like a pall."
The imagery in this quote reveals the darkness of a place that is ironically called a shelter, and Madame Valmonde mentions the "pall" that is cast over the house , that being a term related to death.
Answer:
Interphase
Explanation:
The phase in which most of the cells appear to be in is interphase.
This is so because cell's life is spent more in interphase and in this phase growth of cells and at the end their replication takes place. So cells get more time in interphase to grow and replicate, which makes more cells to appear to be in.
Hence, the correct answer is "Interphase".
Answer:
They concluded that the cell is eukaryotic cell.
Explanation:
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the two types of organisms. Prokaryotic organisms are the organisms made up of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic organisms are made up of eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelle and eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria.
Therefore if the cell has mitochondria they must conclude that the cell is eukaryotic because the prokaryotic cell does not have mitochondria as it is a membrane-bound organelle.
B
Every living thing makes energy through respiration and plants use solar energy during respiration.
