The first point is right: George Mandel-Mantello was a Hungarian Jew. His last named was modified to a Spanish-sounding one.
The second point is right: Many of the distributors were Jewish people themselves.
The third point is wrong: Mandel was never imprisoned in a concentration camp.
The fourth point is right: Mandel was working at the El Salvador consulate in Switzerland, so he got permission to give certificates of citizenship to Jews to prevent them from being killed or imprisoned.
The fifth point is wrong: There were cases where the Nazis did not honor the certificates. Some also arrived late, for example, Mandel's parents themselves did not get the certificates in time.
The Portugese faced written complaints, while the Dutch faced armed resistance.
Explanation:
1. Northern Securities Co. v. United States (1904)
2. Lochner v. New York (1905
3. Standard Oil Co. v. United States (1911)
The quote “... any Indian who received news of the Spaniards could have also easily received the infection” refers to the fact that when the Spanish explorers advanced into Central America, the diseases they were carrying often spread faster than them, including ahead of them.
The context is the so-called Columbian Exchange (after Christopher Columbus), which is the large exchange of animals, food, culture, people, techniques, and diseases that took place between Native Americans (or Indians) and Europeans after 1492.
The quote focuses on one particular aspect of this exchange: the spread of infections. While the Indians did contaminate the Europeans with some of their diseases, like syphilis, many infections destroyed Native American lives because they had not developed a resistance to them like Europeans did. These included measles and smallpox, which were introduced in America through the Caribbean in the early 16th century.
