Answer:
B. In the real world, random and unpredictable events occur, so the Lotka-Volterra parameters vary over time
Explanation:
Lotka-Volterra equations are mathematical models that explain biological prey-predator interactions among two species, considering the following assumptions,
-
The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- In the absence of the prey, the predator population decreases exponentially. The predator environment is also ideal, but it is limited by the prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, making it decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influence the predator population, proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of preys.
The parameters are always constant:
- a1: predator hunting success.
- r2: predator growth rate.
- a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, there are many factors affecting interactions. Dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also in reality there are stochastic factors. <em>Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing the population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.</em>
In a real situation, the compliance of the whole assumptions does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, changing continuously the interaction among the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in different circumstances for both species.
There are many examples you can choose from, but one great example, a venus fly trap, and a lotus, for example. The two examples given differ because they:
*provide themselves with different types of foods
*have a different system of reproducing, as well as growing
*and live in two different types of environments.
Also, remember, the fly trap is a carnivorous plant, while the lotus is not
Answer:
C) Sprout every year, year after year
Explanation:
A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. Some sources cite perennial plants being plants that live more than three years. The term is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials.
Answer:
<u>Starch</u> is the storage form of glucose (energy) in plants and the glucose molecules are linked by alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkage.
<u>Cellulose </u>is a structural component of the plant cell wall and glucose molecules are linked by beta 1,4 glycosidic linkage.
<u>Glycogen</u> is the storage form of glucose (energy) in animals and glucose molecules are linked by alpha 1,6 glycosidic linkage.
Explanation:
All of these sugars are polysaccaride sugars containing large number of glucose subunits.
Starch is a polysaccharide extracted from agricultural raw materials. It contains amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is an un-branched chain polymer of D-glucose units while amylopectin is a branched chain polymer of D-glucose units.
Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals, It is stored in muscles and liver and it is a branched polysaccaride.
Cellulose is the storage form of glucose in plants and leaves.
