In 1-2 sentences, describe how you would open a new word processing document.

Add the following 2's complement binary numbers. Also express the answer in decimal. a. 01+ 1011b. 11+ 01010101c. 0101+ 110d. 01

kenny6666 [7]

Answer:

(a) 01 + 1011

Convert the two numbers into their 4-bit representation.

=> 01 = 0001

=> 1011

Addition of the two numbers (in their 2's complement form) gives the following:

0 0 0 1 ------------------> + 1 (in decimal)

1 0 1 1 ------------------> - 5 (in decimal)

1 1 0 0 -------------------> - 4 (in decimal)

Explanation for (a)

01 or 0001

Since the most significant bit is 0 (leftmost bit), it shows that it is a positive number. Therefore, it can be directly converted to its decimal representation as follows:

0001 = 0 x $2^{3}$ + 0 x $2^{2}$ + 0 x $2^{1}$ + 1 x $2^{0}$ = 1

0001 is + 1 in decimal.

1011

Its most significant bit(MSB) is 1 showing that it is negative.

Flipping all its bits and adding 1 to the result, will convert it to it's positive counterpart.

i.e 1011 => 0100 + 1 = 0101.

Converting the result (0101) to decimal gives

0101 = 0 x $2^{3}$ + 1 x $2^{2}$ + 0 x $2^{1}$ + 1 x $2^{0}$ = 5

1011 is -5 in decimal

01 + 1011 or 0001+ 1011 = 1100

The result (1100), of the addition of the two numbers, is a negative number as the MSB is 1.

Convert it to it's positive counterpart.

i.e 1100 => 0011 + 1 = 0100.

Converting the result (0100) to decimal gives

0100 = 0 x $2^{3}$ + 1 x $2^{2}$ + 0 x $2^{1}$ + 0 x $2^{0}$ = 4

Therefore, the result, 1100 is -4 in decimal.

===================================================

(b) 11 + 01010101

Convert the two numbers into their 8-bit representation since one of them is in 8-bit.

PS: Taking 11, its MSB is 1 showing that it is a negative number. Also, it's 8-bit representation will mean pre-padding it with ones(1s) rather than zeros as follows. In other words, pre-padding a 2's complement number is done using its sign bit.

=> 11 = 11111111

=> 01010101

Addition of the two numbers (in their 2's complement form) gives the following:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ------------------> - 1 (in decimal)

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ------------------> + 85 (in decimal)

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 -------------------> + 84 (in decimal)

Discard the carry-out bit (1) making the result 01010100

Explanation for (b)

11 or 11111111

Its MSB is 1 showing that it is negative.

Convert it to it's positive counterpart.

11111111 => 00000000 + 1 = 00000001

Converting the result (00000001) to decimal gives 1

11 or 11111111 is - 1 in decimal.

01010101

Its MSB is 0 showing that it is also positive. Now, convert to decimal

01010101 = 85

01010101 is + 85 in decimal.

11111111 + 01010101 = 01010100

The result (01010100), is also positive as the MSB is 0. Now, convert to decimal.

01010100 = 84

Therefore the result (01010100) is + 84 in decimal.

===================================================

(c) 0101 + 110

Convert the two numbers into their 4-bit representations.

=> 0101 = 0101

=> 110 = 1110

Addition of the two numbers (in their 2's complement form) gives the following:

0 1 0 1 ------------------> + 5 (in decimal)

1 1 1 0 -----------------> - 2 (in decimal)

1 0 0 1 1 -------------------> + 3 (in decimal)

Dicard the carry-out bit (leftmost bit) to get 0011 as result.

Explanation for (c)

0101

Since the MSB is 0 (leftmost bit), it shows that it is a positive number. Now, convert to decimal.

0101 = 5

0101 is +5 in decimal.

110 or 1110

Its MSB is 1 showing that it is negative.

Convert it to it's positive counterpart.

i.e 1110 => 0001 + 1 = 0010.

Converting the result (0010) to decimal gives

0010 = 2

1110 is -2 in decimal

0101 + 110 = 0101+ 1110 = 0011

The result (0011), is a positive number as the MSB is 0.

Converting the result (0011) to decimal gives

0011 = 3

Therefore, the result, 0011 is 3 in decimal.

===================================================

(d) 01 + 10

Convert the two numbers into their 4-bit representation.

=> 01 = 0001

=> 10 = 1110

Addition of the two numbers (in their 2's complement form) gives the following:

0 0 0 1 ------------------> + 1 (in decimal)

1 1 1 0 ------------------> - 2 (in decimal)

1 1 1 1 -------------------> - 1 (in decimal)

Explanation for (d)

01 or 0001

Since the MSB is 0 (leftmost bit), it shows that it is a positive number. Now convert to decimal.

0001 = 1

0001 is + 1 in decimal.

1110

Its MSB is 1 showing that it is negative.

Convert it to it's positive counterpart.

i.e 1110 => 0001 + 1 = 0010.

Converting the result (0010) to decimal gives

0010 = 2

1110 is -2 in decimal

01 + 1011 or 0001+ 1110 = 1111

The result (1111), is a negative number as the MSB is 1.

Convert it to it's positive counterpart.

i.e 1111 => 0000 + 1 = 0001.

Converting the result (0001) to decimal gives

0001 = 1

Therefore, the result, 1111 is -1 in decimal.

7 0

2 years ago

The Company management has asked that you compare the OSSTMM and the PTES to determine which methodology to select for internal

Sonbull [250]

Answer:

The basic comaprism of OSSTMN and PTES includes the following: OSSTMN is more theoretical, security assessment methodology, and Metrics based why PTES is technology oriented, penetration testing methodology , extended analysis of all stages

Explanation:

Solution

Penetration testing has several methodologies which include :OSSTMM and PTES

The comparison between OSSTMM and PTES is stated as follows:

OSSTMM:

Security assessment methodology

More Theoretical

Metrics based

PTES :

Technology oriented

Penetration testing methodology

Extended analysis of all stages

Now,

There are 7 stages which is used to define PTES for penetration testing.(Penetration Testing Execution Standard)

Pre-engagement Interactions

Intelligence Gathering

Threat Modeling

Vulnerability Analysis

Exploitation

Post Exploitation

Reporting

Now,

The OSSTMM is used to obtain security metrics and performing penetration testing .The OSSTMM provides transparency to those who have inadequate security policies and configurations.

The OSSTMM includes the entire risk assessment process starting from requirement analysis to report creation.

Six areas are covered by OSSTMM which are:

Information security

Process security

Internet technology security

Communications security

Wireless security

Physical security

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Two devices are connected to the Internet and communicating with one another. A squirrel chews through one of the wires in the n

bearhunter [10]

Answer:

Fault-Tolerance

Explanation:

Fault tolerance refers to the ability of a system (computer, network, cloud cluster, etc.) to continue operating without interruption when one or more of its components fail.

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Which element of the word program window contains buttons for saving a document and for undoing, redoing, and repeating a change

miskamm [114]

The answer is the Quick Access Toolbar. However, it is not only for saving files or undoing your work. Containing a set of commands that are independent, this toolbar is actually customizable wherein you could change these icons to the ones you really need and frequently use. By tweaking the settings, you can even add commands to the Quick Access Toolbar that are not in the ribbon (like New, Open and Print).

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The processing of data in a computer involves the interplay between its various hardware components.

Ronch [10]

True.

Data processing involves the conversion of raw data and the flow of data through the Central Processing Unit and Memory to output devices. Each CPU in a computer contains two primary elements: the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the control unit. The Arithmetic Logic Unit performs complex mathematical calculations and logical comparisons. On the other hand, the control unit accesses computer instructions, decodes them, and controls the flow of data in and out of the Memory, ALU, primary and secondary storage, and various other output devices.

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