Not entirely sure, but I believe it's the first one.
The underlying universal message of a text is the theme.
The theme is a big idea, something that you can learn about life in general.
Here are some examples of themes found in literature:
Love, such as Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, a tragic tale of forbidden love with terrible consequences.
Death, The Fault in Our Stars features teenage characters coming to terms with their mortality in the face of terminal illness.
Good vs. evil, The Chronicles of Narnia, C. S. Lewis', follows four siblings who pass into an entirely new world, in which they encounter characters both good (Aslan) and evil (The White Witch)
The statement that best describes the author´s claim in this passage is the first one: Violent uprisings were common, but Gandhi worked to show that resistance could be nonviolent.
Gandhi (1869-1948) was an Indian activist who led the Indian Independence movement against Bristish rule. He inspires movements of civil rights and freedom in a context of violent colonization. He employed non-violent civis disobedience claiming that "Non violence is a weapon of the strong".
He was arrested many times, he supported peace armies during both War Worlds. He was finally assassinated at the age of 78 by a militant Hindu nationalist.
A prince should reassure his subjects during an attack.
Well, denotative meaning refers to the literal meaning of a word. So, I guess the correct answer would be <span><u>long cracks in the surface of the earth</u>, because that is the definition of the word fault lines. The other options are too metaphorical, and would thus be considered to be a connotative, rather than denotative meaning.</span>
