In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by the chemi-osmotic mechanism occurs during photosynthesis and respiration. Plants can only achieve photosynthesis during the day and then respire during the night because photosynthesis requires the sun's energy to perform the necessary reaction to produce oxygen.
When a stimulus is being detected, this stimulus is being sent to the brain through the sensory neuron, going to the spinal cord then to the brain. The brain then interprets these stimuli, and responds to it using the motor neurons. These are the neurons that are responsible in our actions depending on the stimuli we are exposed to. Hope this helps.
The answer is <span>bird droppings that contain seeds from a different location.
</span><span>Gene flow includes a transfer of alleles from one population to another. So imagine a population of plant A on location 1 and another population of plant A on location 2. They cannot interchange their genes. But if birds drop seeds from location 1 and those seeds get to location 2, gene flow may occur.</span>
Benjamina has walked two legs of a right triangle, so you can connect her two movements with a line if you were sketching the situation.. The displacement is the objects overall change in position in relation to its origin, so in your case, Benjamina's apartment. While the total distance adds up regardless of her position.
So, the total distance Benjamina walked is 10m + 6m = 16m
Her displacement can be found by your best friends, the Pythagorean Theorem: 10m ^2 + 6m ^2 = delta x^2 (or displacement squared).. giving you a displacement of 11.66, or 12 m
The difference between the distance she walked and her displacement is 4 meters.
Answer:
a) The response indicates that a pH below or above this range will most likely cause enolase to denature/change its shape and be less efficient or unable to catalyze the reaction.
b)The response indicates that the appropriate negative control is to measure the reaction rate (at the varying substrate concentrations) without any enzyme present.
c)The response indicated that the enolase has a more stable/functional/correct/normal protein structure at the higher temperature of 55°C than at 37°C because the enzyme is from an organism that is adapted to growth at 55°C.
Explanation:
Enolase catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate during both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.In bacteria, enolases are highly conserved enzymes and commonly exist as homodimers.
The temperature optimum for enolase catalysis was 80°C, close to the measured thermal stability of the protein which was determined to be 75°C, while the pH optimum for enzyme activity was 6.5. The specific activities of purified enolase determined at 25 and 80°C were 147 and 300 U mg−1 of protein, respectively. Km values for the 2-phosphoglycerate/phosphoenolpyruvate reaction determined at 25 and 80°C were 0.16 and 0.03 mM, respectively. The Km values for Mg2+ binding at these temperatures were 2.5 and 1.9 mM, respectively.
Enolase-1 from Chloroflexus aurantiacus (EnoCa), a thermophilic green non-sulfur bacterium that grows photosynthetically under anaerobic conditions. The biochemical and structural properties of enolase from C. aurantiacus are consistent with this being thermally adapted.
