Answer:
A. The gene for surface protein was transcribed and translated.
Explanation:
Because all living organisms use the same genetic code, it is possible to express genes from one organism in the other. In this case, the DNA sequence that corresponds to the hepatitis B surface protein gene has been inserted into the banana, and the protein is expressed.
For the protein to be expressed, the gene must have been successfully transcribed into an mRNA by the banana plant machinery. This mRNA has then been translated into a protein that means the hepatitis B surface protein is now present in the cell.
Answer:
Enzyme-linked
Explanation:
The cell surface receptors that have intracellular domains associated with enzymes are called enzyme-linked receptors. The added molecule was water-soluble and cannot pass through the membrane to bind to intracellular receptors. Binding of the added molecule to the enzyme-linked receptor led to the activation of associated enzymes to generate the response (down-regulation of expression of the target gene).
Examples of enzyme-linked receptors include tyrosine kinase receptors. Binding of the signaling molecule to these receptors triggers phosphorylation of the intracellular domain which in turn transmits the signal to the cytoplasmic messenger.
Answer:
The Caenorhabditis elegans dauer state is a hibernation-like state of diapause that displays a dramatic reduction in spontaneous locomotion.
Explanation:
Mutations affecting the neurotransmitter dopamine, which regulates voluntary movement in many organisms, can stimulate movement in dauers. The movement of quiescent animals is stimulated by conditions that reduce dopamine signaling and also by conditions predicted to increase dopamine signaling.The stimulation of movement by increased dopamine is much more pronounced in quiescent daf-2(−) dauer and dauer-like adult animals.
In C. elegans hermaphrodites, dopamine is produced by eight neurons and signals via at least four dopamine receptors, DOP-1 through DOP-4. In addition, a presynaptic reuptake transporter, DAT-1, removes dopamine from the extracellular space to terminate signaling. In C. elegans, dopamine is best known for mediating the “basal slowing response” in which the animal's movement slows when it encounters food.. Dopamine is thought to be released in response to food and to act on motor neurons to modulate the animal's movement . Animals that cannot produce dopamine fail to slow in response to food and exogenous dopamine slows the movement of animals cultured without food.The response to dopamine in this situation is complex, as the absence of specific dopamine receptors can have either positive or negative effects on movement.
The population of the ground squirrels will be limited by the population of the hawks. The population of the hawks, thus, will be a limiting factor for the population of the ground squirrels. The Hawks are the birds of prey that feeds on squirrels. With the increased number of hawks in the same area as them will put these squirrels in danger. The population of the tree squirrels, however, will have no affect on the population of the ground squirrels. The genetic variability and breeding season are not limiting factors for their population either.
Hence, the correct answer is 'option B - a population of hawks'.
Answer:
C. DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand
Explanation:
DNA replication is the process during cell division in which DNA copies itself. DNA strands unwind with the help of helicase to initiate the process. DNA Polymerase III is responsible for prokaryotic replication and adds nucleotides in 5' to 3' direction. Since both the strands of DNA run in opposite direction their replication is slightly different. The lagging strand is also formed by DNA Polymerase III in discontinuous manner leading to formation of Okazaki fragments. DNA ligase joins these fragments once the replication process is completed.
