Genotypes of the dog color are:
BB dominant homozygous-brown phenotype
bb recessive homozygous-white phenotype
Bb heterozygous-tan phenotype
Cross between brown and pan dog would be:
P: BB x Bb
F1: BB Bb BB Bb
The ratio would be 1:1 (brown dog:pan dog).
Catastrophism is the theory that the Earth has largely been shaped by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope.[1] This is in contrast to uniformitarianism (sometimes described as gradualism), in which slow incremental changes, such as erosion, created all the Earth's geological features. The proponents of uniformitarianism held that the present was the key to the past, and that all geological processes (such as erosion) throughout the past were like those that can be observed now. Since the early disputes, a more inclusive and integrated view of geologic events has developed, in which the scientific consensus accepts that there were some catastrophic events in the geologic past, but these were explicable as extreme examples of natural processes which can occur.
Answer:
Our cells are not poisoned to death because it is metabolized by our organs.
Explanation:
- Toxins are any chemical products that damages the functioning of our body.
- To be more specific, human body do not produce any toxins. They only discrete the waste materials that are easily secreted by our body through the metabolic activities.
- Organs like liver and kidneys are responsible for fighting against the harmful waste products and toxins by throwing it out from our body.
Innate: keratinized epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium hypodermal areolar connective tissue antigen presenting cells major histocompatibility complexes complement (antibody -dependent pathway )
Innate or non-specific response is the first defense against invaders. Components of this response include physical (e.g. skin . mucosa) and chemical barriers against pathogens and cells such as Natural Killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils. Innate response reacts immediately.
Adaptive: immunoglobulin plasma cells agglutinin
helper t cells memory t cells cytotoxic t cells cd4+cells
t lymphocytes
Adaptive immune response or specific response is specific to the pathogen presented and mediated by lymphocytes, B and T cells. Adaptive immune response creates immunological memory after the first, initial l response to a specific pathogen which leads to enhanced response.
