1. The glutamate causes an influx of ca2+ ions into the nerve cell akin to what occurs during depolarization. However, this occurs excessively without regulation (due to excessive stimulation by the glutamate) that eventually causes nerve injury through cytotoxic edema.
2. When the ca2+ levels are lowered during stroke, then nerve cell injury would be obviated hence enabling the chances of restoration of nerve cell function. This would happen because there would be no excess calcium ions to influx when the NMDA receptors are excessively stimulated by the glutamate molecules.
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-A
Explanation:
Desert biomes are characterised by the presence of the arid conditions or with few or less amount of rainfall.
The plant groups called the bryophytes and pteridophytes are dependent on the water for their fertilization which allows completing their life cycle.
In the desert conditions provided in the question, the mosses and ferns survived for many generations as these plant groups produced sperms with flagella which helped the sperms to swim in the water provided by the 10-inch rainfall per year and reach the female gamete and fertilize the egg cell.
Thus, option-A is the correct answer.
Can you show the picture of the question please?
I) Locus- the chromosomal site where a specific gene is located. A locus is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker. Each chromosome carries ,many genes; human's estimated haploid (n) protein coding genes are about 20,000, on the 23 different chromosomes.
ii) Interference; the observed double crossover frequency differs from the expected double crossover frequency. Cross over interference is used to refer to the non-random placement of crossovers with respect to each other during meiosis. It results in widely spaced crossovers along chromosomes. Interference may exert its effect across whole chromosomes. As chromosomes in many eukaryotes are large, interference must be able to act over megabase lengths of DNA.
iii) Linkage- the tendency for genes located in close proximity on the same chromosome to be inherited together. Normally when two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked. Whereas genes located on different chromosomes assort independently and have a recombination frequency of 50%, linked genes have a recombination frequency that is less than 50%.
iv) Recombination- the process by which a new pattern of alleles on a chromosome is generated. Genetic recombination is the production of offspring with combinations f traits that differ from those found in either parent. During meiosis in eukaryotes, genetic recombination involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes. This may be followed by information transfer between the chromosomes.
Answer:
B. similar to the cells just treated with the dye - 0% dead
Explanation:
According to this question, an experiment was set up in which kidney cells were treated with a chemical for different amounts of time. Hence, the independent/manipulable variable is the CHEMICAL.
Based on the observation of the group of cells, a cell that has been damaged by the chemical will appear pink when treated with dye while a cell treated with only due but no chemical will not appear pink.
A NEGATIVE CONTROL is the group in an experiment that is not treated with the independent variable i.e. doesn't receive experimental treatment. Since the independent variable in this experiment is the CHEMICAL, the negative control will be the group that doesn't receive the chemical treatment. Hence, the negative control is similar to the cells just treated with the dye - 0% dead
