Where tectonic forces occur, earthquakes occur due to vibrations caused during impact of tectonic plates. Volcanoes are formed when lava forms are exposed during impact of tectonic plates.
The correct answer is - El Nino.
El Nino represents an irregularly occurring and complex series of climatic changes that is affecting the Equatorial parts of the Pacific Ocean and beyond every few years, it is characterized by the appearance of unusually warm ,and nutrient poor water in the eastern part of the Pacific, close to Peru and Ecuador.
The theory of continental drift by Alfred Wegener states that all land masses were originally united
in a single supercontinent known as Pangaea (250 million years ago). He shows
evidences like continental fit, similarity of rock sequences, glacial till and
striations, fossils (cynogathus-land reptile, lystrosaurus-land reptile,
mesosaraus-freshwater reptile, glossopteris-fern plant) to support his theory but
what was lacking is that it lacked a mechanism to explain HOW the continents
moved apart. But Harry Hess, a geologist and Navy submarine commander during
WWII <span>brought up a new
evidence to add in support of Wegener’s theory: the idea of seafloor spreading and magnetic reversals.</span>