<span>"At first, the group of investors were not impressed by young Calvin's concept for the new advertising campaign, but by the end of the presentation, everyone was on board with the plan."</span>
Answer:
The correct answer will be option- A and D
Explanation:
<em>E.coli</em> is a bacteria which is pathogenic to humans and<em> E. histolytica</em> is an amoeba which is a parasite. Both are different species but both are single-celled organism which to survive share feature among them.
The common characters shared by these two species are: they depend on the source of energy for their survival which they usually get from the hosts.
Both the species reproduce to produce progenies like them which help them maintain continuity of the species of Earth.
Thus, options- A and D are the correct answer.
The unconscious id, according to Sigmund Freud, was the part of the mind composed of biological drives and the source of psychic energy.
Anabolic is a chemical reaction that fuses molecules in the body, the process is called anabolism. It is gathering of normally manufactured hormones that are subordinates of testosterone, are utilized therapeutically particularly to advance tissue development, and are once in a while manhandled by competitors to build the size and quality of their muscles and enhance continuance.
Answer:
B. In the real world, random and unpredictable events occur, so the Lotka-Volterra parameters vary over time
Explanation:
Lotka-Volterra equations are mathematical models that explain biological prey-predator interactions among two species, considering the following assumptions,
-
The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- In the absence of the prey, the predator population decreases exponentially. The predator environment is also ideal, but it is limited by the prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, making it decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influence the predator population, proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of preys.
The parameters are always constant:
- a1: predator hunting success.
- r2: predator growth rate.
- a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, there are many factors affecting interactions. Dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also in reality there are stochastic factors. <em>Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing the population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.</em>
In a real situation, the compliance of the whole assumptions does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, changing continuously the interaction among the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in different circumstances for both species.
