<span>The three elements of emotions are:
1.Behavior which reveals the feeling to the outside world
2. Inner awareness of feeling
3. Physical arousal
</span><span>The cognitive dissonance for the exhibited behavior is not an element of emotions. </span>
D since democracy takes decisions from most or all of the people and it tends to be the most fair method.
Answer:
B. In the real world, random and unpredictable events occur, so the Lotka-Volterra parameters vary over time
Explanation:
Lotka-Volterra equations are mathematical models that explain biological prey-predator interactions among two species, considering the following assumptions,
-
The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- In the absence of the prey, the predator population decreases exponentially. The predator environment is also ideal, but it is limited by the prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, making it decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influence the predator population, proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of preys.
The parameters are always constant:
- a1: predator hunting success.
- r2: predator growth rate.
- a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, there are many factors affecting interactions. Dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also in reality there are stochastic factors. <em>Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing the population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.</em>
In a real situation, the compliance of the whole assumptions does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, changing continuously the interaction among the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in different circumstances for both species.
Answer;
The process of respiration is essential in the oxygen/carbon dioxide cycle. Respiration removes oxygen from the atmosphere and produces and releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Explanation;
Respiration is one of the natural process that adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and at the same time remove or decrease the amount of oxygen.
Both plants and animals use respiration process to generate energy in form of ATP that is needed for basic functions such a growth and movement. During this process, nutrients such as glucose are combined with oxygen to yield energy in form of ATP, and also water and carbon dioxide as by-products.
Unlike photosynthesis, which uses carbon dioxide and water to yield nutrients (simple sugars) and oxygen gas, respiration uses oxygen and nutrients, to yield carbon dioxide and water, we can therefore they are antagonistic processes.
Answer:
D. Increase in temperature from 20 degrees C to 37 degree C
Explanation:
A decrease in substrate concentration might not necessarily lead to an increase in enzymatic activities.
Enzymes are pH specific. Thus increasing the pH of operation from 6.8 to 7.4 might destroy the enzyme.
Reactants need to overcome a minimum energy (activation energy) before they can be converted to products. The higher this energy, the lower the rate of reaction. Hence, increasing in activation energy will lead to a lower rate of enzymatic reaction.
<em>Enzymes work optimally at a temperature that is close to the human's body temperature which is 37.5 degrees. Hence, increasing temperature from 20 degrees to 37 degrees will result in an increased enzymatic activities.</em>
The correct option is D.
