Answer:
a. Five-Carbon Sugar and Phosphate
Explanation:
A nucleotide can be defined as an organic molecule which forms the building block of nucleic acid such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Basically, nucleotide comprises of the following parts;
1. Nitrogenous base: this includes adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) which are mainly found in the DNA while adenine (A), guanine (G), uracil (U) and cytosine (C) are found in the RNA.
2. A phosphate group.
3. A penrose sugar: it is either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA.
The two parts or chemical components of a nucleotide which do not change throughout the structure of DNA are;
I. Five-Carbon Sugar also known as deoxyribose and it has hydrogen on its second carbon.
II. Phosphate: this is the structural backbone that provides support to DNA.
Answer:
When the level of release of carbon dioxide during respiration and use of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis this results in a compensation point. At compensation point the net available carbon dioxide to phototrophs becomes zero. As, carbon dioxide is the chief ingredient for photosynthetic products like glucose and oxygen. These products are used up during the process of respiration. When the rates of two processes photosynthesis and respiration becomes equal. Phototrophic organisms will not be able to compensate for lack of carbon dioxide levels. Phototrophs will not be able to produce their food in the form of glucose and hence will not be able to respire too. This will result in lack of overall available food from phototrophs and lack of available oxygen for respiration. This will result in decline of organisms on earth.
The sodium levels increase inside the cell during action potential. Opposite to resting state, depolarization is the shift of electrical charge resulting in positive charge inside the cell. Depolarization is the start of cell-to-cell communication and other necessary physiological functions of an organism.
<span>Both require that DNA be manipulated in some way.</span>