Answer and Explanation:
The retina covers the internal phase of the eye. It characterizes by its complex interaction between many morphologically and functionally different cells, which are located in many layers. The principal processing mechanism in the retina is lateral interactions among cells, and the most common lateral processing is lateral inhibition.
Photoreceptors are those cells that receive the light and translate the luminous signal into an electrical signal. These are the cones and sticks.
The horizontal cells intervene in the lateral spatial interaction between photoreceptors.
Bipolar cells receive information from the photoreceptors and from the horizontal cells and transmit it to the most internal layers in the retina.
The retina is stratified into five layers. One of these is the external plexiform layer, a contact zone between photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and other cells.
In the vertebrates´ retina, the lateral inhibition is produced for the first time in the external plexiform layer, through the horizontal cells. These cells connect to photoreceptors, other horizontal cells, and bipolar cells. The connection between horizontal cells might reduce or amplify the photoreceptor answer, and this last one is transmitted by the bipolar cells to the interior of the retina. In photoreceptors, there are two connections to horizontal cells, a direct connection, and an indirect one. The connection between photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells is known as lateral inhibition. By this inhibition, photoreceptors allow the contrasting perception in an image. Lateral inhibition allows discriminating one stimulus from other stimuli, by enhancing contrast and definition. The inhibitory modulation is produced by the inhibitor neurotransmitter GABA.The spacial extension of lateral inhibition changes according to the adaptation to light. Gap junction between horizontal cells and between photoreceptors and horizontal cells might vary with the amount of light.
Unlike Lipids, the nucleic acids typically do not form polymers with its own kind. The polymers are the substances or molecules composed of large number of repeating units or sub units. Instead of having the same polymers, the nucleic acids are form nucleotides come together through phospodister between carbon atoms.
Answer:
1. Metaphase II - Chromosomes are lined up by spindle fibers.
2. Telophase II - Nuclear envelope forms around each set of DNA.
3. Anaphase II - Sister chromatids are pulled apart.
4. Prophase II - Centromeres move toward the poles of the cell
Explanation:
Answer:
D
Explanation:
D is an example of confirmation bias because confirmation bias involves people looking for information to support their opinions and beliefs, the person confirms their already existing biases and beliefs when they seek out information to support these biases and beliefs whilst ignoring contradicting information. The journalist is confirming his belief that climate is not real when he cites an article discussing how humans cannot be causing climate change and when he ignores several other articles that discuss how humans can cause climate change so as a result he is confirming his own bias and belief.
According to the top down control, each trophic level is controlled by the very next trophic level. It says that predators control the population of prey.
Therefor the correct answer is D
I really hope this answer helps you out! It makes my day helping people like you and giving back to the community that has helped me through school! If you could do me a favor, if this helped you and this is the very best answer and you understand that all of my answers are legit and top notch. Please mark as brainliest! Thanks and have a awesome day!
