It is best to use regular light microscopes to observe that.
For simple structures, onion cells doesn't require a very large magnification. Magnifications for such as 100X or 150X is already enough to determine the different structures of onion cells such as cell walls or cytoplasm.
It is not very suitable to use a electron microscope especially as high school or college students, as electronic microscopes can be really expensive, usually only top universities have them. Also, it is quite complicated to control the microscope comparing to the common light microscope that we can easily find in many school laboratories. They're easy to function and they're a lot cheaper.
So, it's best advised to use a light microscope, unless if you're really into studying very detailed structures and you're experienced in doing these sorts of things, then you should use a electron microscope.
Answer:
<h2>Recombination rate or recombination frequency between locus A and locus C is either 2% or 50%.
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Explanation:
As given,
Recombination frequency between locus A and B is 35%, means that the distance between A and B is 35 cM.
Recombination frequency between locus B and C is 33% , means the distance between B and C is 33 cM.
Therefore, if the locus C is present between A and B, then the recombination frequency between A and C would be 2%
A-----C ----------B
A---C= 2%
A----B= 35%
B---C= 33%
So, here the recombination frequency between A and C is 2%, means their distance is 2 cM.
If the locus C is as, A---35---B--33----C ; A-----B------C
A-----B= 35%
B------C= 33%
A-----C= 33+35= 68%
As rule, maximum frequency can not exceed 50%, as here the Recombination frequency between A and C = 50%.
Answer:
c. the cost to growth of allocating resources to defense
d. consistent fitness benefits of high allocations to defense
Explanation:
In order to ensure survival by escape of grazing and browsing by herbivores (and insects) plant usually adopt different defence mechanisms.This forms the basis for the optimum defence hypothesis .
The basic idea of the hypothesis is that the type of defence that an organism e.g plant will adopt against an herbivore depends on its fitness, and since this involve expenditure of energy it will be expensive for the organism to afford and maintain.
