Answer: Primary
Explanation: The primary level of protein structure explains the sequence of amino acid linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains . A slight change in the amino acid sequence of Hemoglobin can alter hemoglobin function.
The primary level of protein structure is essential in the function of the protein any alteration in the amino acid sequence can disrupt the function of the protein.
Prokaryotic bacteria are surrounded by a cell membrane that contains the transport proteins to regulate the entry and exit of materials through the cell, the cell wall to help maintain cell shape and structure, and the capsule, which aids against drying out and protects bacteria from a host's immune system.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Bacteria are the prokaryotic organisms that are found in every part of Earth. These organisms do have an interesting ultrastructure. The coverings of the bacteria are three in layer. They are
A. The outer capsule.
B. The middle cell wall.
C. The inner cell membrane.
The capsule is the outermost covering of bacteria that is formed of different slimy materials. These materials contains hygroscopic substances which can absorb water from the surroundings even when the water concentration in outside is very very low. This layer of protection outside bacteria help them to protect themselves against drying out at dry conditions.
The middle cell wall is formed of polymers of N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid. This layer is chitin in nature and is strong enough to maintain the shape and size of bacteria irrespective of outer conditions.
The innermost layer of bacteria is cell membrane which is formed of proteins and lipids bilayer and this cell membrane contains different transport for proteins which help in transport of different substances like water and nutrients inside the cell by means of active transport or passive diffusion.
The answer is D. An anion is a negatively charged ion, which means it has accepted an extra electron (s) from a donor ion (cation). To add an electron, energy has to be released so that the electron can be less excited and go back to its orbital level. The released energy is equivalent to the energy required to remove the electron from its orbital level.
Selective selection,since being smaller is an advantage the rabbits got smaller similar to evolution
<span>Since alkylating agents work to prevent the cell from replicating its genetic material, the cell would most likely stop at the interphase checkpoint, which is the phase before mitosis (which consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase). During interphase, the cell replicates its genetic material (DNA), but this would be prohibited by alkylating agents.</span>
