A sugar-phosphate backbone (alternating grey-dark grey) joins together nucleotides in a DNA sequence. The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.The two strands run in opposite directions, one going in a 3' to 5' direction and the other going in a 5' to 3' direction. The nitrogenous bases are positioned inside the helix structure like "rungs on a ladder," due to the hydrophobic effect, and stabilized by hydrogen bonding.
Uracil is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. The others are adenine, cytosine, and guanine. In RNA, uracil binds to adenine via two hydrogen bonds. In DNA, the uracil nucleobase is replaced by thymine. Uracil is a demethylated form of thymine.
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Coral Bleaching is hazardous to fish because It leaves fish and corals vulnerable to deseases.And the average temperature of tropical oceans increases by 0.1 degrees C, over the past century.Fish are affected because, most fish in the ocean live in coral reffs, which end up dying, and leaving its habitant fish without a home.
The genes that survive and flourish in a species are the strong ones. Strong genes evolve into the next generation, while weaker ones die.
Human trials have indicated an inverse relationship between blood lead level and calcium intake. While milk isn’t an antidote to let’s say, lead poisoning, the dietary calcium inhibits the lead absorption. This sort of poisoning is incredibly dangerous to the systems of the human body, and the ingredients within the milk help to defend against it. The purpose of the milk is to dilute the ingested poison.
