Answer to Question 1:
The behaviour of the students who hastily write what they consider a "C" level essay after being repeatedly told they can't make an "A" or "B" is a consequence of Reinforcement.
The answer, therefore, is D.
Explanation:
Reinforcement in behavioural psychology refers to the process of encouraging or entrenching a belief system or pattern of behaviour. It can also be defined as any stimuli which stimulate a thought pattern and engrains the probability of a specific response to a particular stimulus. Reinforcements are usually more effective when it comes from a person of perceived to be in a position of authority.
The high school students were verbally programmed by the instructor, who has the authority to mark their scripts, into thinking they will never be able to make an "A" or a "B". The result is that the students didn't even try to put in efforts that would have led to an A or a B because even if they did, the instructor has the power to ensure that no one score an "A" or a "B".
The challenge here is not that the students couldn't write "A" grade essays. In their mind, there was no point trying given that the ability lay with the instructor to ensure that what he said will happen. In any case, the instructors intended behavioural response was achieved.
2. The correct answer to the question of Acquisition and Extinction as indicated on the graph is B.
The strength of the response increases then decreases over time.
Acquisition happens when a neutral stimulus turns into a conditioned stimulus.
When a behavior begins to diminish or even disappear completely as a result of the gradual removal of a conditioned response, extinction is said to have occurred.
Cheers!
The conclusion that you will be able to reach if method I is used that cannot be concluded if method II is used is that the results can be generalized to the population as a whole.
In method I, the researchers decided to recruit volunteers. This sample includes people who do not exercise, people who exercise alone and people who exercise with a partner. On the other hand, method II will recruit participants at a community fitness center. Therefore, this sample will not include people who do not exercise. This means that method I will have a sample that is more representative of the general population.
Natural changes to the ecosystem refer to environmental phenomenon that occur naturally. Natural changes include floods, volcanic activity, hurricanes, droughts, and earthquakes. They can be destructive, but they also have advantages.
The benefit of the flood is for example providing nutrients to the soil that were lacking. Also t<span>here may be relocation of fishes and organisms living in water bodies, which improves the ecosystem.
Volcano threatens t</span>he people and animals in the area are threatened, but is has also some advantages, for example:<span>the soil becomes rich due to the nutrients from the volcano.
</span>Hurricanes result in the destruction to infrastructure and loss of lives, vegetation, and livestock. The advantage is that it lowers the temperature and t<span>he wind will cause the topsoil to be distributed to areas in which it was lacking.</span>
