<span>An interfacial energy is associated with the grain boundaries called as the grain boundary energy.
When a proeutectoid phase is formed along the already existing grain boundaries, there is an increase in the lower net interfacial energy, as when compared to the energy when the proeutectoid phase is formed within the interior of the grains.
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Answer:
a. different shape (e.g. flat or ribbon shaped).
d. larger internal surface area of the lungs.
Explanation:
Amphibians are cold blooded animals. They have a low rate of metabolism . Amphibians are located most where there is water or in moist environment because of their skin and how important it is to keep their skin moist.
Amphibians breathe through their skin and this can be called cutaneous respiration. Their lungs are not well developed therefore they undergo a very slow diffusion of oxygen through their blood.
For Amphibians that are larger than bull frogs, they obtain a very sufficient rate of diffusion of gases due to the following reasons:
a. Internal surface area of the lungs: Amphibians that are larger than bull frogs tend to have a more developed respiratory organs which means there lungs have a larger surface area and they are well developed.
b. They have a different body shape: Amphibians larger than bull frogs could have a flat or ribbon shape and their body shapes make it easier for respiratory gases like oxygen to permeate or enter their skin easily.
Answer:
Trees and plants.
Explanation:
Trees give us oxygen and plants get rid of carbon dioxide and remake it as oxygen.
Answer:
III. Condensation of chromosomes begins.
I. Synapsis occurs.
II. Crossing-over is completed.
IV. Separation of homologous chromosomes begins
Explanation:
The prophase I of meiosis I begins with the condensation of chromosomes. The process of compaction makes the individual chromosomes visible and the stage is called leptotene.
Leptotene is followed by zygotene of prophase I during which the homologous chromosomes are paired together. The process is mediated by the synaptonemal complex. As the homologous chromosomes are paired, each pair is visible as a tetrad as each of the chromosomes of a pair has two sister chromatids.
The exchange of part of chromatids occurs during crossing over. Crossing over is the event of the pachytene stage of prophase I. After crossing over, the homologous chromosomes begin to separate from each other during diplotene but stay paired at the points of crossing over. These points are called chiasmata. Diakinesis of prophase I is marked by the dissolution of chiasmata.
Answer: b
Explanation:
All the smaller molecules are made up of the organic elements
