When a stimulus is being detected, this stimulus is being sent to the brain through the sensory neuron, going to the spinal cord then to the brain. The brain then interprets these stimuli, and responds to it using the motor neurons. These are the neurons that are responsible in our actions depending on the stimuli we are exposed to. Hope this helps.
Hi, the answer to this question would be an Molecular Clock. A molecular clock is a technique used by researchers that uses mutation rates in DNA to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independtly. Hope this helped :)
Answer:
GAPDH inferring statement on evolutionary relationship
Explanation:
in order for GAPDH to useful for inferring evolutionary relationship among animals, their silico structural and phylogentic analysis must be true. By this it implies that GAPDH gene must be analyzed with respect to identity, similarity, physiochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structure through in silico platform.
The valinomycin treatment caused a decrease in the activity of the mitochondria.
Explanation:
When valinomycin treatment was given, the rate of ATP production is reduced in the cells treated. Since mitochondria are involved in ATP synthesis, it clearly shows that valinomycin inhibits mitochondrial action.
Valinomycin being a selective K+ ionophore, it can transfer potassium ions through selective lipid membranes. This can cause potassium effux in organelles like mitochondria leading to marked loss of potential of mitochondrial membrane and apoptosis in cells.
The effux of K+ ions forms a complex with valinomycin and slows down the mitochondrial part of ATP synthesis by reducing the proton-motive force, but does not block any oxygen electron transfer
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