<u>Answer</u>:
<u>Question 1.</u> 1.fragmentation The roads act as barriers which cannot/or will not be crossed by many forest dwelling species. They are either physical or psychological barriers for animals. The presence of humans and cars further increases this effect. Thus, the original forest habitat becomes fragmented into smaller areas with smaller populations.
<u>Question 1.</u> 2.find an unrelated mate
As the forest becomes fragmented, the original area and population of a species is divided into smaller units. Thus, for the individuals belonging to such a diminished population, the chances of finding an unrelated mate will decrease rapidly with time. This will lead to inbreeding and a loss of genetic diversity.
Answer:
The correct answer would be Pp.
The genotype of one parent is PP. Thus, it will produce only one type of allele, that is, P.
Similarly, the genotype of another parent is pp. Thus, it will produce only one type of gamete, that is, p.
The cross would produce offspring with only one type of genotype, that is, heterozygous Pp.
The phenotype of all the offspring will be purple as it is a dominant trait.
Answer:
During presentation of APC-bound antigen, macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine, interleukin-1, that activates T helper cells
Explanation:
Macrophages interact with T cells in order to generate T cell activation in target organs, and are themselves activated by inflammatory messenger molecules (cytokines) produced by the T cells.
Macrophages produce toxic chemicals, such as nitric oxide, that can kill surrounding cells.
During presentation of APC-bound antigen, macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine, interleukin-1, that activates T helper cells
Catastrophism is the theory that the Earth has largely been shaped by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope.[1] This is in contrast to uniformitarianism (sometimes described as gradualism), in which slow incremental changes, such as erosion, created all the Earth's geological features. The proponents of uniformitarianism held that the present was the key to the past, and that all geological processes (such as erosion) throughout the past were like those that can be observed now. Since the early disputes, a more inclusive and integrated view of geologic events has developed, in which the scientific consensus accepts that there were some catastrophic events in the geologic past, but these were explicable as extreme examples of natural processes which can occur.
I would say the main term is myocardial infarction and the modifier is acute which means that it is serious but a discrete one time thing as opposed to a chronic condition like say arthritis that is usually with a person for many successive years rather than just occurring once.
