Question

What is the relationship between Endomembrane System, Insulin and Insulin Receptor, activation by phosphorylation, membrane-bound polyribosomes, and Glucose Transport Channels? Describe what you learned about the gut and nutrient absorption in the microscopy lab. Remember to include the relationships between the gut and nutrient absorption you learned from the Microscopy lab here in relation to the the other items listed.

Answer 1

Answer:

The relationship between endomembrane system, insulin and insulin receptor, activation by phosphorylation, membrane-bound polyribosomes, and glucose transport channels is the eukariotic cell, because within it, they work together with the organelles to modify, summarize and transport lipids and proteins from the gut and absorb nutrients.

Explanation:

The Endomembrane system varies from membranes and organelles, but basically, it is structured by the nuclear envelope and lysosomes, the plasma membrane and several cytoplasmic organelles, as the ER, the Golgi apparatus, secretory granules, vesicles, lysosomes, endosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum all working together to transfer, modify and package lipids and proteins macromoecules to the eukaryotic cell, from one part of it  to another, and from in to the outside of it also.

The membrane bound polyribosomes are attached to the cell endoplasmic reticulum. The bound ribosomes, used within the cell membrane or expelled from the cell by exocytosis, will produce insulin and they will become membrane bound to control the intake, protein modifications, fusion lipids and sugar breakdown. The insulin is a membrane bound polyribosomes protein synthesized in the ER, which travels along the endomembrane system. This hormone controls glucose and lipid metabolism  or energy function, if glucose level is high, insulin synthesis is activated.  

Synthesized and traveling through the endomembrane system, the insulin gets to its receptor called tyrosine kinase and activates it, phosphorylating and recruiting different substrate adaptors.

 The brand new insulin polypeptide chains go directly into the endoplasmic reticulum by the ribosome and then transported to where they are needed as insulin regulates sugar uptake into adipose tissue and skeletal muscle through glucose transport channels or glucose transporters GLUT4 within vesicles, which are directed to the plasma membrane, this is also the gut and nutrient absorption.