Gene transfer via transduction could be beneficial if the donor has a new gene that could produce a useful protein. This protein could be an enzyme with various effect like
1 digesting food(fermentation),
2 digesting drug(drug resistance) or
3 toxin that could kill the nearby cells(to decrease food competition).
Ans.
Neural crest cells are embryonic cells that are unique to organisms of phylum chordata. These cells give arise a number of cell lineage, such as bone and cartilage, melanocytes, smooth muscle, glia and neurons, eyes, teeth, and other sense organs. The neural crest cells do not form pharyngeal slits in invertebrate chordates.
Thus, the correct answer is option b).