Answer:
searching efficiency (a)
Explanation:
The other word for Lotka-Volterra is predator-prey in which they have a combination of the differential equation which consists of nonlinear and should be the first ordered sequence.
It is used to tell the biological system changes where the two species interacted with each other. The one is the predator and the other one is prey.
Now according to the question the rate at which the predator-prey change is searching efficiency (a) as it shows the changes of predator species with the respect that how quick they determine, attack it and consumed it
Systematics is the study of the units of biodiversity. Systematics differs from ecology in that the latter is concerned with the interactions of individuals (and therefore species) in a particular time.
The validity of the hypothesis cannot be confirmed or refuted from only one experiment. By using a series of experiments, the human error or measurement error is reduced to a minimum. Furthermore, more than one factor can be used to determine the validity of the hypothesis.
I will respond to this student that the experiment needs to be repeated multiple times before a conclusion can be drawn! Also, the data will refute or confirm the validity of the hypothesis and not the researcher's own opinion/rational.
The subatomic particles/units that govern potential chemical reactions among elements are "electrons".
I hope this can help you.
Answer:
Explanation:
Narrow sense heritability - h2
selection differential - S
Selection differential is calculated from the difference between the population average and the parental population.
Breeder's equation:
Response to selection - R = h2S
Mean milk production of 10% cows for experiment = 8.9L/hr
Mean milk production of parental population = 5.1L/hr
Selection differential S= 8.9 - 5.1 = 3.8 L/hr
Response to selection = 0.587 × 3.8 = 2.23
