I) Locus- the chromosomal site where a specific gene is located. A locus is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker. Each chromosome carries ,many genes; human's estimated haploid (n) protein coding genes are about 20,000, on the 23 different chromosomes.
ii) Interference; the observed double crossover frequency differs from the expected double crossover frequency. Cross over interference is used to refer to the non-random placement of crossovers with respect to each other during meiosis. It results in widely spaced crossovers along chromosomes. Interference may exert its effect across whole chromosomes. As chromosomes in many eukaryotes are large, interference must be able to act over megabase lengths of DNA.
iii) Linkage- the tendency for genes located in close proximity on the same chromosome to be inherited together. Normally when two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked. Whereas genes located on different chromosomes assort independently and have a recombination frequency of 50%, linked genes have a recombination frequency that is less than 50%.
iv) Recombination- the process by which a new pattern of alleles on a chromosome is generated. Genetic recombination is the production of offspring with combinations f traits that differ from those found in either parent. During meiosis in eukaryotes, genetic recombination involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes. This may be followed by information transfer between the chromosomes.
The term which describes the breaking down of body cells or substance is CATABOLISM.
The metabolic processes which occur in living things are of two types, these are anabolic and catabolic processes. The anabolic process involves the building up of needed materials in the body while the catabolic process involves the breaking down of waste materials in the body in order to eliminate them through excretion.
Answer:
The correct answer is D; ATP hydrolysis inside mitochondria
Explanation:
Proteins imports brought into the matrix of mitochondria are normally taken up from the cytosol in practically less time after their discharge from ribosomes. Transportation of protein imports into the matrix is driven by energy which is supplied by:
- <u>ATP hydrolysis outside the mitochondra: </u>this occurs in the first step of translocation process. ATP hydrolysis drives the release of newly synthesized polypeptides from the hsp70 group of chaperone proteins.
- <u>an electrochemical proton gradient</u> across the inner mitochondrial membrane maintained by electron transport process in the inner membrane.
- <u>ATP hydrolysis in the matrix</u>: Hsp70 chaperone proteins in the matrix space likewise have a job in the translocation procedure, and they are the third point in the import procedure at which ATP is expended.
Answer:
Option 4
Explanation:
Folate is vitamin B and occurs naturally in various food items such as green leafy vegetable, lentils, peas, beans, in fruits such as banana, melon, and enriched products such as bread, juices etc. Folate is essential for making up genetic material or DNA. Out of all given options, option 4 has both lentil and spinach (green leaves) which are rich source of folate. Option 1 has bread as a source of folate. Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
The atmospheric pressure drops so the partial pressure of O2 drops proportionately. The hemoglobin must circulate faster to deliver the same quantity of oxygen to working muscles' mitochondria for cellular respiration. This increased basal circulation rate places a greater demand for oxygen to support it, which triggers in increase in red blood cell population so there is more hemoglobin to deliver O2. With more RBCs the circulation rate once more slows to the old basal rate.
