Write a function named file_stats that takes one string parameter (in_file) that is the name of an existing text file. The funct
ion file_stats should calculate three statistics about in_file i.e. the number of lines it contains, the number of words and the number of characters, and print the three statistics on separate lines.
For example, the following would be be correct input and output. (Hint: the number of characters may vary depending on what platform you are working.)
>>> file_stats('created_equal.txt')
lines 2
words 13
characters 72
For example, the following would be be correct input and output. (Hint: the number of characters may vary depending on what platform you are working.)
>>> file_stats('created_equal.txt')
lines 2
words 13
characters 72
1 answer:
Answer:
Here is the Python program.
characters = 0
words = 0
lines = 0
def file_stats(in_file):
global lines, words, characters
with open(in_file, 'r') as file:
for line in file:
lines = lines + 1
totalwords = line.split()
words = words + len(totalwords)
for word in totalwords:
characters= characters + len(word)
file_stats('created_equal.txt')
print("Number of lines: {0}".format(lines))
print("Number of words: {0}".format(words))
print("Number of chars: {0}".format(characters))
Explanation:
The program first initializes three variables to 0 which are: words, lines and characters.
The method file_stats() takes in_file as a parameter. in_file is the name of the existing text file.
In this method the keyword global is used to read and modify the variables words, lines and characters inside the function.
open() function is used to open the file. It has two parameters: file name and mode 'r' which represents the mode of the file to be opened. Here 'r' means the file is to be opened in read mode.
For loop is used which moves through each line in the text file and counts the number of lines by incrementing the line variable by 1, each time it reads the line.
split() function is used to split the each line string into a list. This split is stored in totalwords.
Next statement words = words + len(totalwords) is used to find the number of words in the text file. When the lines are split in to a list then the length of each split is found by the len() function and added to the words variable in order to find the number of words in the text file.
Next, in order to find the number of characters, for loop is used. The loop moves through each word in the list totalwords and split each word in the totalwords list using split() method. This makes a list of each character in every word of the text file. This calculates the number of characters in each word. Each word split is added to the character and stored in character variable.
file_stats('created_equal.txt') statement calls the file_stats() method and passes a file name of the text file created_equal.txt as an argument to this method. The last three print() statements display the number of lines, words and characters in the created_equal.txt text file.
The program along with its output is attached.
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Answer:
I am writing a JAVA and Python program. Let me know if you want the program in some other programming language.
import java.util.Scanner; // class for taking input from user
public class Reverse{ //class to reverse a sentence
public static void main(String[] args) { //start of main() function body
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); //create a Scanner class object
System.out.print("Enter a sentence: "); //prompts user to enter a sentence
String sentence = input.nextLine(); // scans and reads input sentence
String[] tokens = sentence.split(" "); // split the sentence into tokens using split() method and a space as delimiter
for (int i = tokens.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { //loop that iterates through the tokens of the sentence in reverse order
System.out.println(tokens[i]); } } } // print the sentence tokens in reverse order
Explanation:
In JAVA program the user is asked to input a sentence. The sentence is then broken into tokens using split() method. split method returns an array of strings after splitting or breaking the sentence based on the delimiter. Here the delimiter used is space characters. So split() method splits the sentence into tokens based on the space as delimiter to separate the words in the sentence. Next the for loop is used to iterate through the tokens as following:
Suppose the input sentence is "How are you"
After split() method it becomes:
How
are
you
Next the loop has a variable i which initialized to the tokens.length-1. This loop will continue to execute till the value of i remains greater than or equals to 0.
for (int i = tokens.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
The length of first token i.e you is 3 so the loop executes and prints the word you.
Then at next iteration the value of i is decremented by 1 and now it points at the token are and prints the word are
Next iteration the value of i is again decremented by i and it prints the word How.
This can be achieved in Python as:
def reverse(sentence):
rev_tokens = ' '.join(reversed(sentence.split(' ')))
return rev_tokens
line = input("enter a sentence: ")
print((reverse(line)))
The method reverse takes a sentence as parameter. Then rev_tokens = ' '.join(reversed(sentence.split(' '))) statement first splits the sentence into array of words/tokens using space as a delimiter. Next reversed() method returns the reversed sentence. Next the join() method join the reversed words of the sentence using a space separator ' '.join(). If you want to represent the reversed tokens each in a separate line then change the above statement as follows:
rev_tokens = '\n'.join(reversed(sentence.split(' ')))
Here the join method joins the reversed words separating them with a new line.
Simply input a line of text and call this reverse() method by passing the input line to it.
