The percentage in increase can be calculated as follows:
% of increase = (difference between new and old amounts / old value) *100
For Dario:
difference in values = 413 - 350 = 63
% of increase = (63/350)*100 = 18%
For Monica:
difference in values = 270 - 225 = 45
% of increase = 20%
Therefore,
Monica has higher percent of increase.
The difference in percents = 20% - 18% = 2%
Curl is defined as:

Which can be rewritten as:

This is because C1 lies on the xy plane and thus it's unit vector will be
.
By similar arguments the rest will follow too.
Now, area of each circle will be: 
Therefore, Curl, as per our definition will be:

Thus, Curl=
Which is the required answer.
Rate is the change in one variable in relation to another variable. Generally, rate is calculated as follows:
R = ΔV1/ΔV2
Where
R = Rate
ΔV1 = Change in variable 1
ΔV2 = Change in variable 2
In the current scenario,
ΔV1 = 250,000 m^3 of mulch applied
ΔV2 = 1 m^2 of garden space
Therefore,
Rate of applying much is, R = 250,000/1 = 250,000 m^3/m^2
Wow that looks a little difficult. good ouck!