The Modest Proposal addresses the problem of the society regarding the increasing population of poor children. The modest proposal is a proposed solution on how to deal with these children, the idea is to fatten up the children so they could be of use the the manpower of the society. The ambiguous part was that the role of the parents and the family of these children.
It is dark because Barnardo has trouble seeing the other guard.
This scene takes place at midnight and it is so dark Barnardo cannot see the other guard. Barnardo shows up for his shift, but he can't clearly make out who Francisco is. Francisco has the same problem because instead of answering Barnardo he tells him to identify himself first. They get it figured out and Barnardo begins his shift.
A panacea would be a solution for everything
The author is suggesting do not trust in all the people because at that time, Spies gathered intelligence from letters, newspapers, and interviews with prisoners and deserters.
The author’s primary purpose in this paragraph is to narrate relevan historic facts.