In his book “Guns, Germs and Steel,” Jared Diamond argues that societies that have prevailed and conquered others (for example, Eurasian societies) have been lucky in terms of environment. This has allowed them to enjoy advantages and adaptations that other cultures have not had. When he discusses the case of Papua New Guinea, he gives several reasons for the lack of technological development they had before the arrival of Europeans:
Lack of large mammals that could be of help in transportation or agriculture.
Isolation from other major cultures.
Lack of domesticable animals.
Lack of domesticable crops.
Enormous natural barriers that prevented constant contact between various cultural groups.
It grew from Western Europe to Eastern Europe, then collapsed to Eastern Europe
Answer: Ideal type
Explanation:
An ideal type is used by sociologist to carry out a sample of an event or an occasion, the emphasis is to stress certain elements common to many cases of a given phenomenon. This is the test the sociologist is about carrying out by the exercise he gave to the students.
Answer: Maturation VS Learning
Explanation: Dr. Kim and Dr. West are on opposite sides of the Maturation v Learning debate.
Dr. Kim believes maturation is primarily responsible for personality trait which highlights that Behavioral change is automatic as it is primarily dictated by racial differences in individuals. Also, motivation has no effect on personality trait.
However, Dr. West is of the opinion that environmental influences are primarily responsible for personality traits which highlights that; learning, motivation is essential for behavioral and personality traits, It is a planned process and does not it is not inherited.
This example highlights the role of "uncontrollability"<span> in coping.
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The state of mind towards data concerning the distressing occasion is thought to be the essential property of the individual adapting style. Of the situational factors, controllability is viewed as a variable of unique significance for adapting conduct, in light of the fact that in controllable circumstances data handling concerning the stressor is versatile, while in wild circumstances it has a little esteem.
