Five key elements differentiate cooperative learning from simply putting students into groups to learn (Johnson et al., 2006).
Positive Interdependence: You'll know when you've succeeded in structuring positive interdependence when students perceive that they "sink or swim together." This can be achieved through mutual goals, division of labor, dividing materials, roles, and by making part of each student's grade dependent on the performance of the rest of the group. Group members must believe that each person's efforts benefit not only him- or herself, but all group members as well. GEO 110 students discuss their findings in the field Individual Accountability: The essence of individual accountability in cooperative learning is "students learn together, but perform alone." This ensures that no one can "hitch-hike" on the work of others. A lesson's goals must be clear enough that students are able to measure whether (a) the group is successful in achieving them, and (b) individual members are successful in achieving them as well. Face-to-Face (Promotive) Interaction: Important cognitive activities and interpersonal dynamics only occur when students promote each other's learning. This includes oral explanations of how to solve problems, discussing the nature of the concepts being learned, and connecting present learning with past knowledge. It is through face-to-face, promotive interaction that members become personally committed to each other as well as to their mutual goals. Interpersonal and Small Group Social Skills: In cooperative learning groups, students learn academic subject matter (taskwork) and also interpersonal and small group skills (teamwork). Thus, a group must know how to provide effective leadership, decision-making, trust-building, communication, and conflict management. Given the complexity of these skills, teachers can encourage much higher performance by teaching cooperative skill components within cooperative lessons. As students develop these skills, later group projects will probably run more smoothly and efficiently than early ones. Group Processing: After completing their task, students must be given time and procedures for analyzing how well their learning groups are functioning and how well social skills are being employed. Group processing involves both taskwork and teamwork, with an eye to improving it on the next project.
Similarly, Kagan (2003) has developed the easily recalled acronym PIES to denote
The next sequence pf even would be Joe escapes with Harriet and learns a $2,000 reward is posted for his capture. 2.second event Joe becomes discouraged 300 miles from Canada and remains silent and sad. 3.third event T. Garrett provides a wagon and supplies for Harriet, Joe, and their companions. 4. fourth event Joe's head and hands were raised high as he sang praises for his freedom. 5. fifth event Joe took an undeserved flogging, but vowed his first beating would be his last. 6. sixth event Joe worked six years for his new master before he bought him. THE ORIGINAL ONE WOULD BE 2.
Based on the existing research, Dr. Carpenter should
hypothesize that the participants involved would likely to act more poorly in
both tasks during the phase b and phase a because the estrogen levels that are
low and high could cause a person to act more poorly because low estrogen
levels causes an individual to have a decreased in bone density where as high
estrogen levels causes an individual to have health and wellness issues.
Hampi was well fortified town had many reasons to increase its security: O Hampi had a good port as it was near to the sea so it would be good for rulers there for earning revenue and increasing the economy. O they could have been many robberies as it had many precious goods
Self-determination theory and self-perception theory explain how and what type of person you are. The attitude of a person follows by thew behavior of a perception. Every person develops their attitude after the life experience. Self-determination defines how much a person is determined towards their goals.
Here Maurice works hard as a volunteer. Maurice's behavior changed due to self-determination and self-perception theory.
