Answer and Explanation:
a. form the antigen-binding site ⇒ both chains
The antigen-binding site is formed by one hypervariable region of the light chain (VL) and one hypervariable region of the heavy chain (VH). So, both type of chains contributes to antigen recognition.
b. contain multiple variable domains ⇒ none
Both chains - light and heavy - contain <u>only one</u> variable domain (VL and VH).
c. are found in the Fab fragment ⇒ both chains
The Fab fragment is composed of portions of both light and heavy chains: each portion contains one variable domain and one constant domain. The Fab fragment binds specifically the antigen.
d. are found in the FC fragment ⇒ heavy chains
The Fc region is composed of portions of heavy chains (CH² and CH³), so it contains constant domains.
e. contain only one constant domain ⇒ light chains
Each light chain contains one variable domain (VL) and one constant domain (CL).
f. contain multiple constant domains ⇒ heavy chains
Each heavy chain contains three constant domains: CH¹, CH² and CH³.
g. contain only one variable domain ⇒ both chains
Both light and heavy chains contain one variable domain. The difference is given by the number of constant domains: light chains have 1 constant domain while heavy chains have 3 constant domains.
The conduction of nerve impulses relies upon the movement of positively-charged ions across the nerve cell membrane. The entry of sodium into the cell produces a wave of positive charge that travels down the length of an axon. Then chemicals called neurotransmitters are secreted out of the end of the axon onto the next nerve in the series (the postsynpatic nerve). This narrow space in between neurons is called the synapse. These neurotransmiiters released by the presynaptic nerve bind to receptors on the postsynaptic nerve. The binding of these receptors opens up channels in this second nerve's membrane that allow sodium ions to enter the nerve cell and initiate another wave of positive charge, and so on... The nerve signal can only move as fast as these ions and neurotransmitters can diffuse to generate this process.
<span>As a professional athlete repeats a given activity many times over, the nerve cells "upregulate" their receptors, meaning that they produce additional receptors to put in the membrane. This is just a natural reaction to the nerve being repeatedly stimulated in the same way over and over. When neurotransmitter is secreted from the presynaptic neuron, there are more receptors on the postsynaptic neuron for it to bind, more channels open up, more ions enter in a shorter time and build up positive charge to create the impulse faster, and so the overall effect is faster. </span>
<span>Additionally, there are sheaths of fatty tissue (called myelin) that insulate the charge in the neuron and allow it to be conducted faster. As people age, these sheaths can start to degrade, making the nerve cell more "leaky" and causing the impulse to be conducted more slowly. </span>
Allele that causes yellow eyes (Y) is
dominant over the allele that causes orange eyes (y)
Y = 85% = 0.85 and
y = 100% - 85% = 15% = 0.15
f(y) = square root of y = √y = √0.15 =
0.387
frequency of the allele that causes
orange eyes = 0.387
Once we know the value of y, Y + y = 1
Putting the value of y, we get
Y = 1 – 0.387
<span>Frequency of the dominant allele that
causes yellow eyes = 0.61</span>
Answer:
Scientists might replicate a strand of DNA using PCR before sequencing it. Once the sequence is known, they can produce a corresponding gene probe
Explanation:
PCR refers to the polymerase chain reaction that amplifies the small sample of DNA into multiple copies in three steps. These steps are denaturation of sample DNA to produce single-stranded template strand, binding of primer to the template and elongation. The multiple copies of the sample DNA are then used to decipher its sequence using various sequencing methods.
Once the sequence of the sample DNA is known, the short, single-stranded DNA molecules that are complementary to the specific sequence of DNA are formed. These single-stranded DNA molecules are called DNA probe and are used to detect the specific nucleotide sequence in some other sample DNA.
<u>Complete Question:</u>
Which statements describe proteins? Check all that apply.
A.) Proteins are created from the code in DNA.
B.) Proteins are synthesized in the nucleus of a cell.
C.) DNA and RNA are proteins.
D.) Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
E.) Proteins affect the structures and functions of living things.
F.) The shape and the function of a protein are not related.
<u>Correct Option:</u>
The statements which describe proteins are as follows:
A.) Proteins are created from the code in DNA.
D.) Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
E.) Proteins affect the structures and functions of living things.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Transcription is the method of RNA molecule creation from DNA. The translation is the mechanism by which the protein material is produced from the RNA molecule. Originally, protein forming data is contained in the DNA in the context of nucleotide code. The mechanism of translation happens in the cytoplasm and not at the nucleus.
DNA and RNA contain nucleotides and not proteins. Proteins are the alpha amino acid polymers, which serve as the building block of the protein. An individual's phenotype relies on the composition of the protein, and protein determines the composition and phenotypic expression in living organisms. 3D structure of proteins and their work are realized with one another.
