Answer:
a. Five-Carbon Sugar and Phosphate
Explanation:
A nucleotide can be defined as an organic molecule which forms the building block of nucleic acid such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Basically, nucleotide comprises of the following parts;
1. Nitrogenous base: this includes adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) which are mainly found in the DNA while adenine (A), guanine (G), uracil (U) and cytosine (C) are found in the RNA.
2. A phosphate group.
3. A penrose sugar: it is either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA.
The two parts or chemical components of a nucleotide which do not change throughout the structure of DNA are;
I. Five-Carbon Sugar also known as deoxyribose and it has hydrogen on its second carbon.
II. Phosphate: this is the structural backbone that provides support to DNA.
Answer:
A XY or XY gamete fuses with a normal gamete (X or Y)
Explanation:
Meiotic nondisjunction is the phenomenon whereby chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis I or II. Meiotic nondisjunction leads to the formation of abnormal gametes I.e. gametes with additional or missing chromosomal piece.
The fusion of these abnormal gametes produced by nondisijuction with a normal gamete (X or Y chromosome). This leads to a condition called ANEUPLOIDY, which is a chromosomal disorder. In the case od Calix, XXY is an ANEUPLOIDY state that could have resulted because there was a fusion between a XX gamete and Y gamete or XY and X. The XY or XX gametes are produced as a result of nondisijuction.
<span>Levels of OrganizationIn unicellular (single-celled) organisms,
the single cell performs all life functions. It functions independently.
However, multicellular (many celled) organisms have various levels of
organization within them. Individual cells may perform specific
functions and also work together for the good of the entire organism.
The cells become dependent on one another.Multicellular organisms have
the following 5 levels of organization ranging from simplest to most
complex:<span><span>LEVEL 1 - Cells<span><span>Are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
</span>May serve a specific function within the organismExamples- blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, etc.</span></span><span>LEVEL 2 - Tissues<span>Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specific activity
Examples - blood, nervous, bone, etc. Humans have 4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve.</span></span><span>LEVEL 3 - OrgansMade up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activityExamples - heart, brain, skin, etc.</span><span>LEVEL4 - Organ Systems
<span>Groups of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the organism.
Examples - circulatory system, nervous system, skeletal system, etc.
The
Human body has 11 organ systems - circulatory, digestive, endocrine,
excretory (urinary), immune(lymphatic), integumentary, muscular,
nervous, reproductive, respiratory, and skeletal.</span></span><span>
LEVEL 5 - Organisms
<span>
Entire
living things that can carry out all basic life processes. Meaning they
can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow,
respond to the environment, and reproduce.
<span>Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protist.
</span>Examples - bacteria, amoeba, mushroom, sunflower, human</span></span></span></span>