The answer is <span>c.CS; US.
In classical conditioning, a new behaviour is learned via association. The stage before conditioning involves: 1. unconditioned stimulus (US) which produces an unconditioned response, and 2. neutral stimulus (NS) which has no effect on a person and produce a response only when paired with </span>unconditioned stimulus. During conditioning, neutral stimulus (NS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) pair and neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS). In other words, <span>the ns becomes a <u>CS</u> after it reliably signals the impending occurrence of the <u>US</u>. </span>
Answer: your answer is A
Explanation: they are made of one or more cells :)
Answer:
The innate or nonspecific immune system includes two lines of defense in the human body. Non-specific means that it does not act on the specific pathogen. It works equally to keep all types of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, parasites et cetera out of the body.
The first line of defense includes physical barrier which prevents the entry of pathogens into the body. It includes skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, cilia, nasopharynx, eyelashes, and body hairs.
It also includes chemical barriers such as mucus, gastric acid, bile, tears, sweat, and saliva.
The second line of defense includes anti-inflammatory responses, fever, and nonspecific cellular responses such as phagocytes, macrophages, complement system et cetera.
Thus, the virus has to pass physical, chemical, and nonspecific cellular responses of the body in order to infect the body.
It is most likely the <span>ventral ramus into the dorsal root ganglion. A spine nerve arises from the spine cord as branch-like structures which converge to form the ventral or dorsal root. This is the pathway for the motor and sensory neuron.</span>
According to the top down control, each trophic level is controlled by the very next trophic level. It says that predators control the population of prey.
Therefor the correct answer is D
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