D
Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and unlimited differentiation.
Explanation:
An embryo is at the earliest stages in the growth and development of a higher organism. The cells of an embryo are pluripotent meaning that at the stage, they can differentiate into any type of cell of the organism. Therefore these cells are not determined and are referred to as stem cells. These cells are also self-renewing meaning that the cells can divide more stem cells.
Over time, these cells will begin to differentiate into tissues, organs, organ systems and ultimately into the whole organism. Some of the cells like the nerve,blood and muscle cells will also lose their self-renewal capacity.
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Answer:
A. The gene for surface protein was transcribed and translated.
Explanation:
Because all living organisms use the same genetic code, it is possible to express genes from one organism in the other. In this case, the DNA sequence that corresponds to the hepatitis B surface protein gene has been inserted into the banana, and the protein is expressed.
For the protein to be expressed, the gene must have been successfully transcribed into an mRNA by the banana plant machinery. This mRNA has then been translated into a protein that means the hepatitis B surface protein is now present in the cell.
Answer:
Glutamic acid
Explanation:
Reductive amination is a form of amination that involves the conversion of a carbonyl group to an amine via an intermediate imine. The carbonyl group is most commonly a ketone or an aldehyde. In this reaction, in the presence of enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase, ammonium ion directly combines with alpha-ketoglutaric acid, to form glutamic acid (amino acid) and for this to happen, a reduced coenzyme (NADPH) is required.
The biosynthesis of glutamic acid can be obtianed from the reductive amination of γ-ketoglutaric acid
γ-Ketoglutaric acid is a common precursor in synthesis of glutamic acid. Addition of NADPH and ammonia or alpha amino acid with γ-Ketoglutaric acid produces glutamic acid. Enzymes involved in this reduction amination process are glutamate dehydrogenase and/or transaminase.
