Answer:
B. In the real world, random and unpredictable events occur, so the Lotka-Volterra parameters vary over time
Explanation:
Lotka-Volterra equations are mathematical models that explain biological prey-predator interactions among two species, considering the following assumptions,
-
The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- In the absence of the prey, the predator population decreases exponentially. The predator environment is also ideal, but it is limited by the prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, making it decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influence the predator population, proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of preys.
The parameters are always constant:
- a1: predator hunting success.
- r2: predator growth rate.
- a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, there are many factors affecting interactions. Dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also in reality there are stochastic factors. <em>Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing the population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.</em>
In a real situation, the compliance of the whole assumptions does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, changing continuously the interaction among the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in different circumstances for both species.
Answer:
RBCs' production is controlled by erythropoietin.
Mature RBCs are released into the bloodstream after approximately seven days RBCs are produced in the bone marrow
Explanation:
The hormone erythropoietin is produced and released in the bloodstream by peritubular interstitial cells of kidneys. The function of erythropoietin is to increase the number of the precursors of red blood cells and thereby to stimulate the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. When the oxygen supply to body cells is reduced, the hormone erythropoietin stimulates the development of proerythroblasts into reticulocytes and thereby increases the RBC production.
RBCs are produced by the process of erythropoiesis and take about seven days to become mature and to be released in circulation to serve the function of oxygen delivery. The maturation of RBCs also includes the loss of most of the organelles such as the nucleus and mitochondria to accommodate hemoglobin protein. The life span of circulating RBCs is about 100-120 days.
(13) is bass
(14) is algae
hope I'll help
The answer is true. The prosthetic group is present in
several components of the electron transport chain. The complexes one, two and
three can have a presence of prosthetic group in which is being referred to as the
iron sulfur clusters.
Answer:
1. Insulin resistance and diabetes
2. Metformin
Explanation:
Metformin can be used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome, especially for insulin-resistant women (insulin is a hormone that transports sugar into cells).
People with insulin resistance have high levels of this hormone in their blood and excess circulating insulin can aggravate manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome, and also increase the risk of diabetes.
The main benefits of metformin in the treatment of polycystic ovaries is the normalization of menstrual irregularity and the restoration of ovulatory cycles.
Since most women with polycystic ovary syndrome are insulin resistant, metformin is a good treatment option in some cases.
However, the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome should be individualized for each woman, depending on the symptoms presented and the goal to be achieved with the treatment.
