Stephen's behavior is likely motivated by the "personal distress" motive for helping others. 
In psychology, personal distress is an aversive, self-centered enthusiastic response (e.g., uneasiness, stress, distress) to the misgiving or appreciation of another's passionate state or condition. This contrary full of feeling state frequently happens because of passionate infection when there is disarray amongst self and other. Personal distress may even outcome in a more vain inspiration to lessen it, by pulling back from the stressor, for instance, along these lines diminishing the probability of prosocial conduct. 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: (B) Directory information 
Explanation:
  The directory information is basically contain student educational record such as name, semesters marks, study program, email address and the enrollment number of the class. This type of information or data does mot provide any harm and also does not hurt privacy.  
The directory information is one of the type of information that disclosed without the student and the parent consent for the researcher purpose to the various types of local universities. 
Therefore, option (B) is correct. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
I believe the answer is C. Before the 80s the Russians were used to authoritarian dictatorship.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The correct answer is : Industry Analysis
Explanation:
It is the function to evaluate the current business environment. It helps to analyze the factors of the marketplace that may be used to gain a competitive advantage. These ones can determine a company's success within the industry because it allows businesses to identify opportunities and threats.