When you say small dissolved particles I am going to say endocytosis.
There are two types of polymers which are natural and synthetic polymers. Natural polymers do not affect the environment but synthetic polymers do. This type of polymers are produced by humans. These release reactants which are considered hazardous to humans and the environment. Synthetic polymers include rubbers, plastics, and adhesives, and these are considered non-biodegradable and non environmental friendly. As these build up in the environment, in causes problems such as chemical poisoning to all the living things around it.
Answer:
The correct answer is b. actors have to be more likely to carry the altruistic allele than non actors.
Explanation:
Altruism is the behavior by an organism that benefits other organisms by costing its own fitness. The actor is the individual who is doing altruism and the recipient is the individual who is getting benefited by the actor's altruism.
An example of altruistic behavior can be seen in animal kingdom easily. Vampire bats give blood to those members of the community who were not able to go for search for blood show altruistic behavior.
Actors have altruistic genes that suggest them to behave altruistically. Non-actors may not contain alleles of altruism but the recipient might have altruistic alleles.
Hamilton's rule says that natural selection will favor the altruistic allele when rb > c.
where r = coefficient of relatedness between donor and recipient
b = benefit received by recipient and
c = cost paid by altruist.
Therefore, the correct answer is b.
