Question

If a juvenile joins a gang in which he achieves his status through violence and toughness, which type of gang is he in according to cloward and ohlin's theory of differential opportunity?

Answer 1

According to Cloward and Ohlin's theory, there are three subcultures juveniles may enter:
Criminal subcultures
Conflict subcultures
Retreatist subcultures

Criminal subcultures gear towards organized crimes, where they commit criminal acts to climb the social ladder in the criminal world and are rewarded through financial means. 

Conflict subcultures on the other hand tend to do less serious crimes, but instead use violence as a way to gain respect.

Retreatist subcultures turn to drugs and alcohol, seeing themselves as rejects.

With that, the answer would be Conflict subcultures or a conflict gang. 

Answer 2

The answer is conflict subculture. If a juvenile joins a gang in which he achieves his status through violence and toughness, then he is included in the conflict subculture.

 

EXPLANATION

Cloward and Ohlin believe in the differential opportunity theory. They made this theory explain that there are different kinds of criminal subcultures in America. People will want to achieve goals. Some people achieve goals through socially acceptable ways, but there are also differential opportunity structures that can be achieved through gang membership. Cloward and Ohlin believe that there are three kinds of deviant subculture:

1. Criminal subculture

In these subcultures, people can do organized crimes. People can be career criminals who socialize with other youths to join their criminal careers. This act can eventually result in material success.

2. Conflict subculture

This type of subculture is not an organized one, meanwhile, it was made by young people themselves. This type of gang claims its territory. They believe that having a lot of territories means a lot of power.

3. Retreats subculture

In this subculture, the people who are not able to have the legitimate or illegitimate opportunity have the possibility to drop out together but also have the possibility to be in a group together. These groups might end up doing drugs, etc.

The question stated that a juvenile joins a gang in which he achieves his status through violence and toughness, then he is included in the conflict subculture.

LEARN MORE

If you’re interested in learning more about this topic, we recommend you to also take a look at the following questions:

Social cognitive theory: brainly.com/question/10803011  

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KEYWORD: differential opportunity, gang, conflict subculture, retreats subculture, criminal subculture

Subject: Social Studies

Class: 10-12

Subchapter: Theory of Differential Opportunity