The surface of the water is 0 feet. So 10 feet down means it is 0 - 10, or -10 feet as its final position.
so the syrup is just water and sugar, we know that the sugar percent is just 12%, and that happens to be 5grams.
now 100% - 12% is 88%, so the 88% leftover will just be water.
if 12% is 5g, how much is 88%?

The first three you should check off because the man lost less so the last few questions would be wrong