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1 year ago

The r group of an amino acid would need to have what characteristic to be located in a cell membrane?

Biology

2 answers:

11Alexandr11 [23.1K]1 year ago

7 0

The R group should have the ability to form hydrogen bonds.

The R-group take a lot of different chemical forms and can be acidic, basic, polar or non polar. Amino acids that are either acidic or basic consequently have either positive or negative charge. These types of R-groups are stabilized when surrounded by water.

DanielleElmas [232]1 year ago

6 0

The plasma membrane is the membrane that delimits a cell. It separates the inside of the cell (the cytoplasm) from the outside environment. It is mainly composed of lipids, particularly phospholipids, between which proteins can be inserted.
An amino acid is a carboxylic acid which also has an amine functional group. so it has both a carboxyl group -COOH and an amine group (for example a primary amine -NH 2 or a secondary amine -NH-).
It is customary to classify amino acids into four groups according to the properties of their side chain: acid, basic, hydrophilic, hydrophobic.
apolar amino acids (hydrophobic) tend to occupy the heart of proteins or offer points of adhesion on their surface. In a protein membrane, it tends to occupy the inner part of the membrane, due to lipophilic (hydrophobic) property of their R group attracted by the membrane's lipid.
polar amino acids (hydrophilic) tend to occupy the surface of proteins. They can be acidic, basic, or neutral. They have a strong chemical reactivity and are therefore found in the catalytic site of enzymes.

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Explain how a streamlined, smooth, nearly hairless body is a beneficial adaptation for marine animals.

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Most of the marine animals have a stream lined body, which means, they have a sharp and pointed at the front. The pointed front of the organism allow to cut the resistance of the water. In case, the body is not pointed at the front and it is blunt, the water current and flow would resist the movement of the organism further. So, for the locomotion purpose, it is important to have a streamlined body. Further smooth and hair less body also decrease the resistance during the movement in the water.

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1 year ago

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A biologist marked 200 mice, by putting leg bands on them, out of a forest containing an unknown number of mice. The marked mice

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Answer: The estimated population is 1250 mice

Explanation: The method use was marked and recapture, in which individuals are marked in the first capture and after some time biologist trap a new group of individuals that can be or not marked

Whit this data is possible to estimate the size of a population applying the Peterson method but is important to make some considerations such as:

1. All indivuals have the same probability to be capture

2, The population remain constant in terms of birth and death rate.

Taking this into account, the formula that allows to determine the size of the population is:

N=CM / R

where N is the size of the population, C is number of indivuals trapped in recapture, M is number of individuals marked in the first capture and R is the number of marked animals trapped in recapture

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1 year ago

Roots have all of the following functions EXCEPT to ____.

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The roots do absorb water and is the anchors the plant to stand it up. But it does not make food by itself

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2 years ago

The statrum ____________ is a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells resting on a basement membrane. the stratum ______

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1. Answer;

Stratum basale.

The statrum basale is a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells resting on a basement membrane.

Explanation;

Stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis in the skin.

It is a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells resting on basement membrane

-Keratinocyte is predominant cell in this layer of the epidermis

It also contains melanocytes, Merkel cells (touch receptors), and stem cells.

The Keratinocytes undergo mitosis, producing stem cells and cells that migrate into stratum spinosum.

2. Answer;

Stratum spinosum

The stratum spinosum composed of many layers of keratinocytes that are firmly attached to each other by desmosomes. this layer also contains dendritic cells.

Explanation;

Stratum spinosum is a layer of the epidermis that is between the stratum basale and stratum granulosum.

It Helps maintain physical strength of epidermis and also helps maintain barrier to infectious agents and harmful substances.

3. Answer;

Stratum granulosum

The stratum granulosum is composed of 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes containing dark staining keratohyalin granules.

Explanation;

Stratum granulosum contains three to five layers of flattened keratinocytes

It has keratinocytes that contain dark staining keratohyalin granules (precursor of keratin) .

The nuclei of keratinocytes in various stages of degeneration.

Cells in this layer undergo keratinization; the process by which the nucleus shrivels up, cell dies, and cell fills up with the protein keratin.

The layer function to protect the deeper layer of the skin.

4. Answer;

Stratum lucidum

The stratum lucidum is a translucent layer composed of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes without nuclei or organelles.

Explanation;

It is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope.

It constitutes the outer epidermal layer and comprises of dead skin cells.

It is responsible for the capability of the skin to stretch and also contains a protein that is responsible for the degeneration of skin cells.

5. Answer;

Stratum corneum

The stratum corneum is composed of up to 30 layers of cornified, dead cells.

Explanation;

It is the outermost layer of epidermis in the skin.

It is the skin barrier and acts as our first line of defense against the external environment.

It is a compact layer of cells and lipids that has two critical functions which includes; protecting the bodies from bacteria, UV damage and other assaults; and also preventing natural moisture from escaping, to keep skin hydrated.

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