Question

Which best describes how the government sanctions technological monopolies? by creating the technology itself by prohibiting others from entering the market by issuing a patent for the technology by authorizing one producer

Answer 1

The answer is: by issuing a patent for the technology

Without patent for the technology, Existing large companies could not copy  the inventions made by smaller new companies and beat them in the market with sheer capital amount. Issuing patent provide opportunities for smaller inventors to enter the market.