Part 1:
Given a number line with the point

and the point

The sampling error is given by:

Part 2:
Given a number line with the point

and the point

The sampling error is given by:
The answer is 9 because If x has to be less than 8 then it can’t be 9
Y = 5.5x
The constant is 5.5
since no matter what y and x are there will always be a 5.5 difference
To solve this problem, let us first find for the binary
equivalents of the numbers. They are:
Decimal --> Binary
+ 29 --> 00011101
+ 49 --> 00110001
- 29 --> 11100011
- 49 --> 11001111
Now we apply the normal binary arithmetic to these converted
numbers:
(+ 29) + (- 49) ---> 00011101 + 11001111 =
11101100 ---> - 20 (TRUE)
(- 29) + (+ 49) ---> 11100011 + 00110001 = 00010100
---> + 20 (TRUE)
(- 29) + (- 49) ---> 11100011 + 11001111 = 10110010
---> - 78 (TRUE)